Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background To assess the association between initial treatment modalities and the risk of developing subtypes of myeloid neoplasms (MNs) in survivors with grade I-II follicular lymphoma (FL) and to evaluate their impact on survival outcomes. Methods Patients diagnosed with grade I–II FL as...

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Main Authors: Yuebo Wang, Yanan Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02149-3
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author Yuebo Wang
Yanan Cai
author_facet Yuebo Wang
Yanan Cai
author_sort Yuebo Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background To assess the association between initial treatment modalities and the risk of developing subtypes of myeloid neoplasms (MNs) in survivors with grade I-II follicular lymphoma (FL) and to evaluate their impact on survival outcomes. Methods Patients diagnosed with grade I–II FL as their first malignancy were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Fine-Gray competing risk regression and Poisson regression were used to evaluate the treatment-associated risk (RR) for MNs and the Kaplan–Meier method was applied to assess the survival outcomes. Results Among 19,326 FL patients, 9539 patients (49.36%) received chemotherapy, and 2890 patients (14.95%) received radiotherapy as part of their initial treatment. With a median follow-up time of 103 months, 90, 82, and 23 patients developed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), respectively. In both multivariable competing risk regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis, chemotherapy was found to be associated with a higher risk of developing MDS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–3.02; adjusted RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18–3.04), total AML (adjusted HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.33–3.71; adjusted RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.37–3.78), and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) (adjusted HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.24–9.44; adjusted RR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.52–9.07). Additionally, radiotherapy also increased the risk of AML-MRC (adjusted HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.12–6.72; adjusted RR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.10–6.08). The development of AML or MDS was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in grade I–II FL survivors. Conclusion Initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with grade I–II FL were associated with increased risk of certain subtypes of MNs, such as MDS and AML. The importance of balancing risks and benefits should be emphasized in initial FL treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-6a0a4fbcd6c64793bd226015b484d32f2025-08-20T02:10:16ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-03-0116111310.1007/s12672-025-02149-3Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort studyYuebo Wang0Yanan Cai1Research and Foreign Affairs Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalDepartment of Hematology, Henan Key Laboratory for Hematology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital; Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalAbstract Background To assess the association between initial treatment modalities and the risk of developing subtypes of myeloid neoplasms (MNs) in survivors with grade I-II follicular lymphoma (FL) and to evaluate their impact on survival outcomes. Methods Patients diagnosed with grade I–II FL as their first malignancy were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Fine-Gray competing risk regression and Poisson regression were used to evaluate the treatment-associated risk (RR) for MNs and the Kaplan–Meier method was applied to assess the survival outcomes. Results Among 19,326 FL patients, 9539 patients (49.36%) received chemotherapy, and 2890 patients (14.95%) received radiotherapy as part of their initial treatment. With a median follow-up time of 103 months, 90, 82, and 23 patients developed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), respectively. In both multivariable competing risk regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis, chemotherapy was found to be associated with a higher risk of developing MDS (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–3.02; adjusted RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18–3.04), total AML (adjusted HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.33–3.71; adjusted RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.37–3.78), and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) (adjusted HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.24–9.44; adjusted RR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.52–9.07). Additionally, radiotherapy also increased the risk of AML-MRC (adjusted HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.12–6.72; adjusted RR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.10–6.08). The development of AML or MDS was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in grade I–II FL survivors. Conclusion Initial chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with grade I–II FL were associated with increased risk of certain subtypes of MNs, such as MDS and AML. The importance of balancing risks and benefits should be emphasized in initial FL treatment.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02149-3Secondary myeloid neoplasmsFollicular lymphomaChemotherapyRadiotherapySEER
spellingShingle Yuebo Wang
Yanan Cai
Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
Discover Oncology
Secondary myeloid neoplasms
Follicular lymphoma
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
SEER
title Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade I–II follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms following treatment in patients with grade i ii follicular lymphoma a retrospective cohort study
topic Secondary myeloid neoplasms
Follicular lymphoma
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
SEER
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02149-3
work_keys_str_mv AT yuebowang riskofsecondarymyeloidneoplasmsfollowingtreatmentinpatientswithgradeiiifollicularlymphomaaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT yanancai riskofsecondarymyeloidneoplasmsfollowingtreatmentinpatientswithgradeiiifollicularlymphomaaretrospectivecohortstudy