Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield

Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change, maize, as a critical global food and feed crop, plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study utilizes panel data from 116 prefecture-level cities across nine provinces in China from...

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Main Authors: Wang Hao, Yan Cao, Xiangdong Hu, Zhenxing Zhang, Mengyu Cai, Hui Zhou, Changyi Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1587677/full
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author Wang Hao
Yan Cao
Xiangdong Hu
Zhenxing Zhang
Mengyu Cai
Hui Zhou
Changyi Jiang
author_facet Wang Hao
Yan Cao
Xiangdong Hu
Zhenxing Zhang
Mengyu Cai
Hui Zhou
Changyi Jiang
author_sort Wang Hao
collection DOAJ
description Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change, maize, as a critical global food and feed crop, plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study utilizes panel data from 116 prefecture-level cities across nine provinces in China from 2003 to 2019 to analyze the dynamic impacts of maize prices, fertilizer price indices, and monthly precipitation on maize planting area and yield, employing fixed-effects models and the GMM estimation method. The empirical model incorporates key variables such as the previous year’s maize price, fertilizer price index, precipitation from March to May (affecting planting area), and monthly precipitation from April to September (affecting yield), while also accounting for control variables including urban population density, effective irrigation rate, industrial structure, and mechanization level. The results indicate that the previous year’s maize price and fertilizer price index exert significant positive effects on yield, while the fertilizer price index positively influences planting area, and maize price shows a significant negative effect on planting area. The impact of precipitation varies by month: precipitation in July and August enhances yield, whereas precipitation in April and September negatively affects yield. Additionally, March precipitation has a significant negative effect on planting area, while April precipitation positively affects planting area. Robustness tests further confirm the reliability of these findings. Moreover, the study identifies a diminishing marginal effect of agricultural technological progress and proposes policy recommendations, including optimizing irrigation infrastructure, promoting stress-resistant crop varieties, and fostering technological innovation. These findings provide theoretical insights and empirical support for improving maize production efficiency and ensuring food security.
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spelling doaj-art-6a07441c8dfe4428b229d3fc77047d912025-08-20T03:23:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2025-06-01910.3389/fsufs.2025.15876771587677Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yieldWang Hao0Yan Cao1Xiangdong Hu2Zhenxing Zhang3Mengyu Cai4Hui Zhou5Changyi Jiang6Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAgricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAgainst the backdrop of intensifying climate change, maize, as a critical global food and feed crop, plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agricultural development. This study utilizes panel data from 116 prefecture-level cities across nine provinces in China from 2003 to 2019 to analyze the dynamic impacts of maize prices, fertilizer price indices, and monthly precipitation on maize planting area and yield, employing fixed-effects models and the GMM estimation method. The empirical model incorporates key variables such as the previous year’s maize price, fertilizer price index, precipitation from March to May (affecting planting area), and monthly precipitation from April to September (affecting yield), while also accounting for control variables including urban population density, effective irrigation rate, industrial structure, and mechanization level. The results indicate that the previous year’s maize price and fertilizer price index exert significant positive effects on yield, while the fertilizer price index positively influences planting area, and maize price shows a significant negative effect on planting area. The impact of precipitation varies by month: precipitation in July and August enhances yield, whereas precipitation in April and September negatively affects yield. Additionally, March precipitation has a significant negative effect on planting area, while April precipitation positively affects planting area. Robustness tests further confirm the reliability of these findings. Moreover, the study identifies a diminishing marginal effect of agricultural technological progress and proposes policy recommendations, including optimizing irrigation infrastructure, promoting stress-resistant crop varieties, and fostering technological innovation. These findings provide theoretical insights and empirical support for improving maize production efficiency and ensuring food security.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1587677/fullmaize productionmaize price fluctuationsfertilizer price indexprecipitation impactsagricultural policy
spellingShingle Wang Hao
Yan Cao
Xiangdong Hu
Zhenxing Zhang
Mengyu Cai
Hui Zhou
Changyi Jiang
Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
maize production
maize price fluctuations
fertilizer price index
precipitation impacts
agricultural policy
title Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
title_full Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
title_fullStr Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
title_short Analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
title_sort analysis of the impact of price incentives and precipitation fluctuations on maize planting area and yield
topic maize production
maize price fluctuations
fertilizer price index
precipitation impacts
agricultural policy
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1587677/full
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