The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis
As the key defense molecules originally identified in Drosophila, Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily members play a fundamental role in detecting invading pathogens or damage and initiating the innate immune system of mammalian cells. The skin, the largest organ of the human body, protects the hum...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1824624 |
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| _version_ | 1849413437551017984 |
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| author | Lixiang Sun Wenjie Liu Ling-juan Zhang |
| author_facet | Lixiang Sun Wenjie Liu Ling-juan Zhang |
| author_sort | Lixiang Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the key defense molecules originally identified in Drosophila, Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily members play a fundamental role in detecting invading pathogens or damage and initiating the innate immune system of mammalian cells. The skin, the largest organ of the human body, protects the human body by providing a critical physical and immunological active multilayered barrier against invading pathogens and environmental factors. At the first line of defense, the skin is constantly exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and TLRs, expressed in a cell type-specific manner by various skin cells, serve as key molecules to recognize PAMPs and DAMPs and to initiate downstream innate immune host responses. While TLR-initiated inflammatory responses are necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, aberrant activation of TLRs will exaggerate T cell-mediated autoimmune activation, leading to unwanted inflammation, and the development of several skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetic foot ulcers, fibrotic skin diseases, and skin cancers. Together, TLRs are at the interface between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will describe current understanding of the role of TLRs in skin defense and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and we will also discuss the development and therapeutic effect of TLR-targeted therapies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-69f5c5290ff442bc88abfc0c05b126b5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-69f5c5290ff442bc88abfc0c05b126b52025-08-20T03:34:06ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562019-01-01201910.1155/2019/18246241824624The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic DermatitisLixiang Sun0Wenjie Liu1Ling-juan Zhang2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, ChinaAs the key defense molecules originally identified in Drosophila, Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily members play a fundamental role in detecting invading pathogens or damage and initiating the innate immune system of mammalian cells. The skin, the largest organ of the human body, protects the human body by providing a critical physical and immunological active multilayered barrier against invading pathogens and environmental factors. At the first line of defense, the skin is constantly exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and TLRs, expressed in a cell type-specific manner by various skin cells, serve as key molecules to recognize PAMPs and DAMPs and to initiate downstream innate immune host responses. While TLR-initiated inflammatory responses are necessary for pathogen clearance and tissue repair, aberrant activation of TLRs will exaggerate T cell-mediated autoimmune activation, leading to unwanted inflammation, and the development of several skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetic foot ulcers, fibrotic skin diseases, and skin cancers. Together, TLRs are at the interface between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. In this review, we will describe current understanding of the role of TLRs in skin defense and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and we will also discuss the development and therapeutic effect of TLR-targeted therapies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1824624 |
| spellingShingle | Lixiang Sun Wenjie Liu Ling-juan Zhang The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full | The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_short | The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Skin Host Defense, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_sort | role of toll like receptors in skin host defense psoriasis and atopic dermatitis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1824624 |
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