Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects
Abstract Background Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have been linked to rapid progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). SDDs have also been linked to high-risk vascular diseases (HRVDs). However, SDDs, cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen h...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00710-4 |
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| author | John M. Tan Yang Fei Liang Wang Oscar Otero-Marquez Tasin R. Bhuiyan J. Fernando Arevalo Gareth M.C. Lema Roland Theodore Smith |
| author_facet | John M. Tan Yang Fei Liang Wang Oscar Otero-Marquez Tasin R. Bhuiyan J. Fernando Arevalo Gareth M.C. Lema Roland Theodore Smith |
| author_sort | John M. Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have been linked to rapid progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). SDDs have also been linked to high-risk vascular diseases (HRVDs). However, SDDs, cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have not been reported in Black and Hispanic populations. We report that these drusen phenotypes occur in Black and Hispanic AMD patients. Methods Twenty-three Black and Hispanic AMD subjects were identified in a published cross-sectional study of 200 AMD subjects. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, and lipid profiles were obtained in the parent study. Masked readers assigned subjects into 2 groups: SDDs, present with or without drusen, and drusen only, as in the parent study. Calcified and cuticular drusen were independently identified. Subjects were assigned by health history questionnaires into those with or without HRVDs, defined as: cardiac valve defect (i.e., aortic stenosis), myocardial defect (i.e., myocardial infarction), and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results 10/23 subjects were in the SDD group (3 Black and 7 Hispanic subjects), 13 of 23 were in the drusen only group. 4/23 subjects were identified with cuticular drusen (1 Black and 3 Hispanic subjects) and 4/23 subjects were identified with calcified drusen (2 Black and 2 Hispanic Subjects). All subjects had respective phenotypes indistinguishable from that of White subjects. 3/10 SDD subjects had HRVDs. Conclusions We report, for the first time to our knowledge, that subretinal drusenoid deposits, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen are present in some AMD patients who identify as Black or Hispanic. A strong association of SDDs with HRVDs was discovered in the parent study. These diseases are known to be over-represented in these under-served populations. SDDs, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen also confer high risk for progression to advanced AMD. A diligent search for these drusen phenotypes in minority patients with AMD or with HRVDs is thus warranted. Further studies of larger cohorts of Black and Hispanic AMD subjects are needed to better assess associations of these drusen subtypes with life threatening diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-69dfd42d04fb4a609a1a9d00743ba3a2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2056-9920 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | International Journal of Retina and Vitreous |
| spelling | doaj-art-69dfd42d04fb4a609a1a9d00743ba3a22025-08-20T03:42:52ZengBMCInternational Journal of Retina and Vitreous2056-99202025-07-011111910.1186/s40942-025-00710-4Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjectsJohn M. Tan0Yang Fei1Liang Wang2Oscar Otero-Marquez3Tasin R. Bhuiyan4J. Fernando Arevalo5Gareth M.C. Lema6Roland Theodore Smith7Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount SinaiAbstract Background Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have been linked to rapid progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). SDDs have also been linked to high-risk vascular diseases (HRVDs). However, SDDs, cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have not been reported in Black and Hispanic populations. We report that these drusen phenotypes occur in Black and Hispanic AMD patients. Methods Twenty-three Black and Hispanic AMD subjects were identified in a published cross-sectional study of 200 AMD subjects. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, and lipid profiles were obtained in the parent study. Masked readers assigned subjects into 2 groups: SDDs, present with or without drusen, and drusen only, as in the parent study. Calcified and cuticular drusen were independently identified. Subjects were assigned by health history questionnaires into those with or without HRVDs, defined as: cardiac valve defect (i.e., aortic stenosis), myocardial defect (i.e., myocardial infarction), and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results 10/23 subjects were in the SDD group (3 Black and 7 Hispanic subjects), 13 of 23 were in the drusen only group. 4/23 subjects were identified with cuticular drusen (1 Black and 3 Hispanic subjects) and 4/23 subjects were identified with calcified drusen (2 Black and 2 Hispanic Subjects). All subjects had respective phenotypes indistinguishable from that of White subjects. 3/10 SDD subjects had HRVDs. Conclusions We report, for the first time to our knowledge, that subretinal drusenoid deposits, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen are present in some AMD patients who identify as Black or Hispanic. A strong association of SDDs with HRVDs was discovered in the parent study. These diseases are known to be over-represented in these under-served populations. SDDs, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen also confer high risk for progression to advanced AMD. A diligent search for these drusen phenotypes in minority patients with AMD or with HRVDs is thus warranted. Further studies of larger cohorts of Black and Hispanic AMD subjects are needed to better assess associations of these drusen subtypes with life threatening diseases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00710-4Age-related macular degenerationDrusenEthnicitiesVascular disease |
| spellingShingle | John M. Tan Yang Fei Liang Wang Oscar Otero-Marquez Tasin R. Bhuiyan J. Fernando Arevalo Gareth M.C. Lema Roland Theodore Smith Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects International Journal of Retina and Vitreous Age-related macular degeneration Drusen Ethnicities Vascular disease |
| title | Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| title_full | Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| title_fullStr | Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| title_short | Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| title_sort | age related macular degeneration subretinal drusenoid deposits and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects |
| topic | Age-related macular degeneration Drusen Ethnicities Vascular disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00710-4 |
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