Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations

The coastal region of Klaipėda (Lithuania) has experienced major political, economic, social, and cultural transformations since the 20th century. Landscapes as evolving expressions of land use and land cover patterns offer a valuable lens to analyse these changes. This study examines the evolution...

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Main Authors: Thomas Gloaguen, Sébastien Gadal, Jūratė Kamičaitytė, Kęstutis Zaleckis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Land
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1356
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author Thomas Gloaguen
Sébastien Gadal
Jūratė Kamičaitytė
Kęstutis Zaleckis
author_facet Thomas Gloaguen
Sébastien Gadal
Jūratė Kamičaitytė
Kęstutis Zaleckis
author_sort Thomas Gloaguen
collection DOAJ
description The coastal region of Klaipėda (Lithuania) has experienced major political, economic, social, and cultural transformations since the 20th century. Landscapes as evolving expressions of land use and land cover patterns offer a valuable lens to analyse these changes. This study examines the evolution of physical landscape structures across the pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods, using historical maps and open-access geospatial data. An ontological approach, combined with morphological and configurational metrics, reveals four major and relatively persistent landscape structures: hydrological systems (sea, lagoon, rivers), forest cover, farming intensity (from extensive grassland use to intensive arable farming), and semi-natural environments. Their structural evolution reflects broader cultural factors, such as contrasting land use traditions between former Prussian and Russian territories. The study also highlights the impact of Soviet collectivisation, marked by irrigation networks, agricultural intensification, and forest expansion. The post-Soviet period is characterised by widespread farmland abandonment and fragmentation, revealing new spatial dynamics and challenges in land reappropriation. Landscape transformations are predominantly structured around agricultural dynamics. Although the analysis was limited by the incomplete availability of data for this specific land use class, the centrality of agriculture in shaping territorial organisation is evident and reinforces the strong rural identity associated with the landscape.
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spelling doaj-art-69d2121d313f4d68af5cff242b93bbcf2025-08-20T02:45:56ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-06-01147135610.3390/land14071356Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural TransformationsThomas Gloaguen0Sébastien Gadal1Jūratė Kamičaitytė2Kęstutis Zaleckis3Cultural and Spatial Environment Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51367 Kaunas, LithuaniaUMR 7300 ESPACE, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Université Côte-d’Azur, Avignon Université, 84029 Avignon, FranceCultural and Spatial Environment Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51367 Kaunas, LithuaniaCultural and Spatial Environment Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51367 Kaunas, LithuaniaThe coastal region of Klaipėda (Lithuania) has experienced major political, economic, social, and cultural transformations since the 20th century. Landscapes as evolving expressions of land use and land cover patterns offer a valuable lens to analyse these changes. This study examines the evolution of physical landscape structures across the pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods, using historical maps and open-access geospatial data. An ontological approach, combined with morphological and configurational metrics, reveals four major and relatively persistent landscape structures: hydrological systems (sea, lagoon, rivers), forest cover, farming intensity (from extensive grassland use to intensive arable farming), and semi-natural environments. Their structural evolution reflects broader cultural factors, such as contrasting land use traditions between former Prussian and Russian territories. The study also highlights the impact of Soviet collectivisation, marked by irrigation networks, agricultural intensification, and forest expansion. The post-Soviet period is characterised by widespread farmland abandonment and fragmentation, revealing new spatial dynamics and challenges in land reappropriation. Landscape transformations are predominantly structured around agricultural dynamics. Although the analysis was limited by the incomplete availability of data for this specific land use class, the centrality of agriculture in shaping territorial organisation is evident and reinforces the strong rural identity associated with the landscape.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1356spatial systemlandscape structuresspatiotemporal modellingterritorial dynamicsgeospatial ontologiesLithuania
spellingShingle Thomas Gloaguen
Sébastien Gadal
Jūratė Kamičaitytė
Kęstutis Zaleckis
Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
Land
spatial system
landscape structures
spatiotemporal modelling
territorial dynamics
geospatial ontologies
Lithuania
title Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
title_full Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
title_fullStr Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
title_full_unstemmed Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
title_short Structural Evolution of the Coastal Landscape in Klaipėda Region, Lithuania: 125 Years of Political and Sociocultural Transformations
title_sort structural evolution of the coastal landscape in klaipeda region lithuania 125 years of political and sociocultural transformations
topic spatial system
landscape structures
spatiotemporal modelling
territorial dynamics
geospatial ontologies
Lithuania
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/7/1356
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