Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History

Purpose Mild head trauma in children has been associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders; however, the role of perinatal factors such as birth weight remains unclear. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) may have a higher risk for psychiatric disorders due to altered brain d...

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Main Authors: Ki Taek Oh, Byung Ho Cha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Child Neurology Society 2025-07-01
Series:Annals of Child Neurology
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Online Access:http://annchildneurol.org/upload/pdf/acn-2025-00843.pdf
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author Ki Taek Oh
Byung Ho Cha
author_facet Ki Taek Oh
Byung Ho Cha
author_sort Ki Taek Oh
collection DOAJ
description Purpose Mild head trauma in children has been associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders; however, the role of perinatal factors such as birth weight remains unclear. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) may have a higher risk for psychiatric disorders due to altered brain development. This study examined the relationship between birth weight and psychiatric outcomes following mild head trauma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients (<18 years) who experienced mild head trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale scores 13–15) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013. Psychiatric diagnoses were established by child psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Birth weight categories—small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, and LGA—were assessed for their impact on psychiatric outcomes using logistic regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analyses examined the relationship between birth weight and body weight at the time of trauma. Results Among 178 patients, 18 (10.6%) developed psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and adjustment disorder. Higher birth weight and LGA status were significantly associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders (birth weight: odds ratio [OR], 10.080; LGA: OR, 11.662; P<0.05). No significant correlation was identified between birth weight and body weight at the time of trauma (Pearson’s r=–0.091, P=0.206; Spearman’s rho=0.005, P=0.948). Conclusion LGA status and higher birth weight may increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders following mild head trauma. Further research incorporating genetic and neuroimaging factors is needed to enhance risk assessment and facilitate early intervention.
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spelling doaj-art-69c614b22911452abfb3a0bd0309747d2025-08-20T02:40:20ZengKorean Child Neurology SocietyAnnals of Child Neurology2635-909X2635-91032025-07-01333859210.26815/acn.2025.008431399Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth HistoryKi Taek Oh0Byung Ho Cha1 Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, KoreaPurpose Mild head trauma in children has been associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders; however, the role of perinatal factors such as birth weight remains unclear. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) may have a higher risk for psychiatric disorders due to altered brain development. This study examined the relationship between birth weight and psychiatric outcomes following mild head trauma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients (<18 years) who experienced mild head trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale scores 13–15) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2013. Psychiatric diagnoses were established by child psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Birth weight categories—small for gestational age, appropriate for gestational age, and LGA—were assessed for their impact on psychiatric outcomes using logistic regression analysis. Additionally, correlation analyses examined the relationship between birth weight and body weight at the time of trauma. Results Among 178 patients, 18 (10.6%) developed psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and adjustment disorder. Higher birth weight and LGA status were significantly associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders (birth weight: odds ratio [OR], 10.080; LGA: OR, 11.662; P<0.05). No significant correlation was identified between birth weight and body weight at the time of trauma (Pearson’s r=–0.091, P=0.206; Spearman’s rho=0.005, P=0.948). Conclusion LGA status and higher birth weight may increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders following mild head trauma. Further research incorporating genetic and neuroimaging factors is needed to enhance risk assessment and facilitate early intervention.http://annchildneurol.org/upload/pdf/acn-2025-00843.pdfbrain injuries, traumaticbirth weightinfant, large for gestational agemental disorderspediatrics
spellingShingle Ki Taek Oh
Byung Ho Cha
Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
Annals of Child Neurology
brain injuries, traumatic
birth weight
infant, large for gestational age
mental disorders
pediatrics
title Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
title_full Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
title_fullStr Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
title_full_unstemmed Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
title_short Development of Psychiatric Disorders after Mild Head Trauma according to Birth History
title_sort development of psychiatric disorders after mild head trauma according to birth history
topic brain injuries, traumatic
birth weight
infant, large for gestational age
mental disorders
pediatrics
url http://annchildneurol.org/upload/pdf/acn-2025-00843.pdf
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