Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study

In recent years, PV power plants have been widely used on the roofs of commercial buildings with grid connections, primarily to enhance self-consumption in distributed energy systems. In addition, installing PV plants on commercial buildings’ roofs is becoming increasingly important, especially in c...

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Main Authors: Kıvanç Başaran, Mahmut Temel Özdemir, Gökay Bayrak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3876
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author Kıvanç Başaran
Mahmut Temel Özdemir
Gökay Bayrak
author_facet Kıvanç Başaran
Mahmut Temel Özdemir
Gökay Bayrak
author_sort Kıvanç Başaran
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, PV power plants have been widely used on the roofs of commercial buildings with grid connections, primarily to enhance self-consumption in distributed energy systems. In addition, installing PV plants on commercial buildings’ roofs is becoming increasingly important, especially in crowded cities where land is limited. Since the Sun is an intermittent energy source, PV power plants cause frequency and voltage fluctuations in the grid. The way to avoid this problem is to install PV plants together with battery storage systems. Battery storage systems prevent frequency and voltage fluctuations in the grid and provide economic benefits. This article presents the sizing and techno-economic analysis of a factory building’s rooftop PV system with a battery. The amount of energy produced by the PV plant, PV temperature, and irradiation were recorded in a data logger obtained by various sensors. These real-time measurements were continuously collected and analyzed to evaluate system performance and assess seasonal variations.Load demand data were collected through an automatic meter reading system. The installed capacity of the PV power plant is 645 kW. The optimum battery capacity determined for this factory is 130 kW for 5 h. Techno-economic analysis was carried out using metrics such as the payback period, net present value, and levelized cost of energy. As a result of the analysis using various input variables, LCOE, NPV, and PBP were determined as 0.1467 $/kWh, 4918.3 $, and 7.03 years, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-69c3bbbf7af1474fb8d01943b66e51952025-08-20T02:15:55ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01157387610.3390/app15073876Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application StudyKıvanç Başaran0Mahmut Temel Özdemir1Gökay Bayrak2Department of Electrical Engineering, Hasan Ferdi Turgutlu Technology Faculty, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45400 Manisa, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fırat University, 23119 Elazığ, TürkiyeDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Renewable Energy Systems, and Smart Grids Laboratory, Bursa Technical University, 16300 Bursa, TürkiyeIn recent years, PV power plants have been widely used on the roofs of commercial buildings with grid connections, primarily to enhance self-consumption in distributed energy systems. In addition, installing PV plants on commercial buildings’ roofs is becoming increasingly important, especially in crowded cities where land is limited. Since the Sun is an intermittent energy source, PV power plants cause frequency and voltage fluctuations in the grid. The way to avoid this problem is to install PV plants together with battery storage systems. Battery storage systems prevent frequency and voltage fluctuations in the grid and provide economic benefits. This article presents the sizing and techno-economic analysis of a factory building’s rooftop PV system with a battery. The amount of energy produced by the PV plant, PV temperature, and irradiation were recorded in a data logger obtained by various sensors. These real-time measurements were continuously collected and analyzed to evaluate system performance and assess seasonal variations.Load demand data were collected through an automatic meter reading system. The installed capacity of the PV power plant is 645 kW. The optimum battery capacity determined for this factory is 130 kW for 5 h. Techno-economic analysis was carried out using metrics such as the payback period, net present value, and levelized cost of energy. As a result of the analysis using various input variables, LCOE, NPV, and PBP were determined as 0.1467 $/kWh, 4918.3 $, and 7.03 years, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3876PV power plantbattery energy storagetechno-economic analysiscommercial building
spellingShingle Kıvanç Başaran
Mahmut Temel Özdemir
Gökay Bayrak
Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
Applied Sciences
PV power plant
battery energy storage
techno-economic analysis
commercial building
title Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
title_full Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
title_fullStr Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
title_full_unstemmed Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
title_short Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Utility-Scale PV Systems with Energy Storage Systems in Factory Buildings: An Application Study
title_sort sizing and techno economic analysis of utility scale pv systems with energy storage systems in factory buildings an application study
topic PV power plant
battery energy storage
techno-economic analysis
commercial building
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3876
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AT mahmuttemelozdemir sizingandtechnoeconomicanalysisofutilityscalepvsystemswithenergystoragesystemsinfactorybuildingsanapplicationstudy
AT gokaybayrak sizingandtechnoeconomicanalysisofutilityscalepvsystemswithenergystoragesystemsinfactorybuildingsanapplicationstudy