The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration

Abstract In patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration (DFU), ulcer severity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) portend worse outcomes. We evaluated the combined impact of a severe ulcer with CKD on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with DFU. Ulcer severity was defined using t...

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Main Authors: Nick S. R. Lan, Jonathan Hiew, Ivana Ferreira, J. Carsten Ritter, Laurens Manning, P. Gerry Fegan, Emma J. Hamilton, Girish Dwivedi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Physiological Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70415
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author Nick S. R. Lan
Jonathan Hiew
Ivana Ferreira
J. Carsten Ritter
Laurens Manning
P. Gerry Fegan
Emma J. Hamilton
Girish Dwivedi
author_facet Nick S. R. Lan
Jonathan Hiew
Ivana Ferreira
J. Carsten Ritter
Laurens Manning
P. Gerry Fegan
Emma J. Hamilton
Girish Dwivedi
author_sort Nick S. R. Lan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration (DFU), ulcer severity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) portend worse outcomes. We evaluated the combined impact of a severe ulcer with CKD on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with DFU. Ulcer severity was defined using the SINBAD (site, ischaemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, area, depth) classification, dividing into low (1–3) or high (4–6). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were categorized into four groups based on SINBAD and CKD category. MACE was defined as hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or heart failure. Of 497 patients, 236 (47.5%) were SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent, 80 (16.1%) SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent, 127 (25.6%) SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present, and 54 (10.9%) SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present. The median follow‐up was 410 (interquartile range 242–576) days for MACE and 387 (221–549) days for MACE or all‐cause mortality. SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present was associated with significantly higher MACE (SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent 4.2%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent 7.5%; SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present 9.5%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present 33.3%; log‐rank p < 0.001) and MACE or all‐cause mortality (SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent 5.5%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent 13.8%; SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present 17.4%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present 53.7%; log‐rank p < 0.001). SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present was associated with MACE (p < 0.001) and MACE or all‐cause mortality (p < 0.001) after multivariate adjustment. Severe DFU with CKD amplifies the risk of MACE in patients with DFU, suggesting important implications for cardiovascular risk assessment.
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spelling doaj-art-69c0b3c091bf4c7789d3e2bf7ddf21de2025-08-20T03:45:10ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2025-06-011311n/an/a10.14814/phy2.70415The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulcerationNick S. R. Lan0Jonathan Hiew1Ivana Ferreira2J. Carsten Ritter3Laurens Manning4P. Gerry Fegan5Emma J. Hamilton6Girish Dwivedi7Centre of Excellence for Cardiometabolic Health Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth AustraliaCentre of Excellence Multidisciplinary Diabetes Foot Ulcer Service Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group Perth AustraliaCentre of Excellence Multidisciplinary Diabetes Foot Ulcer Service Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group Perth AustraliaCentre of Excellence Multidisciplinary Diabetes Foot Ulcer Service Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group Perth AustraliaMedical School The University of Western Australia Perth AustraliaMedical School Curtin University Perth AustraliaMedical School The University of Western Australia Perth AustraliaCentre of Excellence for Cardiometabolic Health Fiona Stanley Hospital Perth AustraliaAbstract In patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration (DFU), ulcer severity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) portend worse outcomes. We evaluated the combined impact of a severe ulcer with CKD on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with DFU. Ulcer severity was defined using the SINBAD (site, ischaemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection, area, depth) classification, dividing into low (1–3) or high (4–6). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were categorized into four groups based on SINBAD and CKD category. MACE was defined as hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or heart failure. Of 497 patients, 236 (47.5%) were SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent, 80 (16.1%) SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent, 127 (25.6%) SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present, and 54 (10.9%) SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present. The median follow‐up was 410 (interquartile range 242–576) days for MACE and 387 (221–549) days for MACE or all‐cause mortality. SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present was associated with significantly higher MACE (SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent 4.2%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent 7.5%; SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present 9.5%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present 33.3%; log‐rank p < 0.001) and MACE or all‐cause mortality (SINBAD‐low/CKD‐absent 5.5%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐absent 13.8%; SINBAD‐low/CKD‐present 17.4%; SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present 53.7%; log‐rank p < 0.001). SINBAD‐high/CKD‐present was associated with MACE (p < 0.001) and MACE or all‐cause mortality (p < 0.001) after multivariate adjustment. Severe DFU with CKD amplifies the risk of MACE in patients with DFU, suggesting important implications for cardiovascular risk assessment.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70415cardiovascular diseaseschronic kidney diseasecoronary artery diseasediabetesfoot ulcermyocardial infarction
spellingShingle Nick S. R. Lan
Jonathan Hiew
Ivana Ferreira
J. Carsten Ritter
Laurens Manning
P. Gerry Fegan
Emma J. Hamilton
Girish Dwivedi
The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
Physiological Reports
cardiovascular diseases
chronic kidney disease
coronary artery disease
diabetes
foot ulcer
myocardial infarction
title The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
title_full The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
title_fullStr The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
title_full_unstemmed The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
title_short The combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes‐related foot ulceration
title_sort combined impact of chronic kidney disease and ulcer severity on incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes related foot ulceration
topic cardiovascular diseases
chronic kidney disease
coronary artery disease
diabetes
foot ulcer
myocardial infarction
url https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70415
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