Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.

APOBEC3 proteins function to restrict the replication of retroviruses. One mechanism of this restriction is deamination of cytidines to uridines in (-) strand DNA, resulting in hypermutation of guanosines to adenosines in viral (+) strands. However, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) is partially...

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Main Authors: Silvia Sanchez-Martinez, Amanda L Aloia, Demetria Harvin, Jane Mirro, Robert J Gorelick, Patric Jern, John M Coffin, Alan Rein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038190&type=printable
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author Silvia Sanchez-Martinez
Amanda L Aloia
Demetria Harvin
Jane Mirro
Robert J Gorelick
Patric Jern
John M Coffin
Alan Rein
author_facet Silvia Sanchez-Martinez
Amanda L Aloia
Demetria Harvin
Jane Mirro
Robert J Gorelick
Patric Jern
John M Coffin
Alan Rein
author_sort Silvia Sanchez-Martinez
collection DOAJ
description APOBEC3 proteins function to restrict the replication of retroviruses. One mechanism of this restriction is deamination of cytidines to uridines in (-) strand DNA, resulting in hypermutation of guanosines to adenosines in viral (+) strands. However, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) is partially resistant to restriction by mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) and virtually completely resistant to mA3-induced hypermutation. In contrast, the sequences of MLV genomes that are in mouse DNA suggest that they were susceptible to mA3-induced deamination when they infected the mouse germline. We tested the possibility that sensitivity to mA3 restriction and to deamination resides in the viral gag gene. We generated a chimeric MLV in which the gag gene was from an endogenous MLV in the mouse germline, while the remainder of the viral genome was from MoMLV. This chimera was fully infectious but its response to mA3 was indistinguishable from that of MoMLV. Thus, the Gag protein does not seem to control the sensitivity of MLVs to mA3. We also found that MLVs inactivated by mA3 do not synthesize viral DNA upon infection; thus mA3 restriction of MLV occurs before or at reverse transcription. In contrast, HIV-1 restricted by mA3 and MLVs restricted by human APOBEC3G do synthesize DNA; these DNAs exhibit APOBEC3-induced hypermutation.
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spelling doaj-art-69be1d70f7ed4f038036cef3b3b0ca302025-08-20T03:09:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0175e3819010.1371/journal.pone.0038190Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.Silvia Sanchez-MartinezAmanda L AloiaDemetria HarvinJane MirroRobert J GorelickPatric JernJohn M CoffinAlan ReinAPOBEC3 proteins function to restrict the replication of retroviruses. One mechanism of this restriction is deamination of cytidines to uridines in (-) strand DNA, resulting in hypermutation of guanosines to adenosines in viral (+) strands. However, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) is partially resistant to restriction by mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) and virtually completely resistant to mA3-induced hypermutation. In contrast, the sequences of MLV genomes that are in mouse DNA suggest that they were susceptible to mA3-induced deamination when they infected the mouse germline. We tested the possibility that sensitivity to mA3 restriction and to deamination resides in the viral gag gene. We generated a chimeric MLV in which the gag gene was from an endogenous MLV in the mouse germline, while the remainder of the viral genome was from MoMLV. This chimera was fully infectious but its response to mA3 was indistinguishable from that of MoMLV. Thus, the Gag protein does not seem to control the sensitivity of MLVs to mA3. We also found that MLVs inactivated by mA3 do not synthesize viral DNA upon infection; thus mA3 restriction of MLV occurs before or at reverse transcription. In contrast, HIV-1 restricted by mA3 and MLVs restricted by human APOBEC3G do synthesize DNA; these DNAs exhibit APOBEC3-induced hypermutation.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038190&type=printable
spellingShingle Silvia Sanchez-Martinez
Amanda L Aloia
Demetria Harvin
Jane Mirro
Robert J Gorelick
Patric Jern
John M Coffin
Alan Rein
Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
PLoS ONE
title Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
title_full Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
title_fullStr Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
title_full_unstemmed Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
title_short Studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse APOBEC3.
title_sort studies on the restriction of murine leukemia viruses by mouse apobec3
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038190&type=printable
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