Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Objective To comprehensively assess the dose-response association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched up to May 29, 2024. Studi...

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Main Authors: Yu Zhang, Huanrong Feng, Xuefeng Li, Qiong Chen, Ruyue Shao, Chengli Wang, Yimeng Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Gynecological Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2024.2375564
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author Yu Zhang
Huanrong Feng
Xuefeng Li
Qiong Chen
Ruyue Shao
Chengli Wang
Yimeng Gao
author_facet Yu Zhang
Huanrong Feng
Xuefeng Li
Qiong Chen
Ruyue Shao
Chengli Wang
Yimeng Gao
author_sort Yu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Objective To comprehensively assess the dose-response association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched up to May 29, 2024. Studies with at least three exposure categories were included. Dose-response analysis was also performed when covariates were adjusted in the included studies.Results Thirteen studies involving 39,720 pregnant women were included. A linear relationship was found between GI and the risk of GDM (χ2 = 4.77, Pnon-linearity = .0923). However, association was not significant (χ2 = 0.06, p = .8000). For every unit increase in GI (range 0–30), GDM risk increased by 0.29%. After adjusting for covariates, the linear relationship persisted (χ2 = 4.95, Pnon-linearity = .084) with no significant association (χ2 = 0.08, p = .7775). For GL, a linear relationship was also found (χ2 = 4.17, Pnon-linearity =.1245), but GL was not significantly associated with GDM risk (χ2 = 2.63, p = .1049). The risk of GDM increased by 0.63% per unit increase in GL. After covariate adjustment, a significant association was observed (χ2 = 6.28, p = .0122).Conclusion No significant association between GI and GDM risk was found. After adjusting for covariates, GL shows a significant association with GDM risk. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering dietary GL in managing the risk of GDM. Future research should continue to explore these relationships with standardized diagnostic criteria and robust adjustment for potential confounders.
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spelling doaj-art-69acd98f90fb40ef9698ebfa738ff5932025-08-20T02:32:00ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGynecological Endocrinology0951-35901473-07662024-12-0140110.1080/09513590.2024.2375564Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysisYu Zhang0Huanrong Feng1Xuefeng Li2Qiong Chen3Ruyue Shao4Chengli Wang5Yimeng Gao6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Liaocheng, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, Liaocheng, ChinaObjective To comprehensively assess the dose-response association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched up to May 29, 2024. Studies with at least three exposure categories were included. Dose-response analysis was also performed when covariates were adjusted in the included studies.Results Thirteen studies involving 39,720 pregnant women were included. A linear relationship was found between GI and the risk of GDM (χ2 = 4.77, Pnon-linearity = .0923). However, association was not significant (χ2 = 0.06, p = .8000). For every unit increase in GI (range 0–30), GDM risk increased by 0.29%. After adjusting for covariates, the linear relationship persisted (χ2 = 4.95, Pnon-linearity = .084) with no significant association (χ2 = 0.08, p = .7775). For GL, a linear relationship was also found (χ2 = 4.17, Pnon-linearity =.1245), but GL was not significantly associated with GDM risk (χ2 = 2.63, p = .1049). The risk of GDM increased by 0.63% per unit increase in GL. After covariate adjustment, a significant association was observed (χ2 = 6.28, p = .0122).Conclusion No significant association between GI and GDM risk was found. After adjusting for covariates, GL shows a significant association with GDM risk. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering dietary GL in managing the risk of GDM. Future research should continue to explore these relationships with standardized diagnostic criteria and robust adjustment for potential confounders.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2024.2375564Dietglycemic indexglycemic loadgestational diabetes mellitusdose-response meta-analysis
spellingShingle Yu Zhang
Huanrong Feng
Xuefeng Li
Qiong Chen
Ruyue Shao
Chengli Wang
Yimeng Gao
Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Gynecological Endocrinology
Diet
glycemic index
glycemic load
gestational diabetes mellitus
dose-response meta-analysis
title Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
title_full Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
title_fullStr Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
title_short Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
title_sort association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus a systematic review and dose response meta analysis
topic Diet
glycemic index
glycemic load
gestational diabetes mellitus
dose-response meta-analysis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2024.2375564
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