Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54
As planetary nebulae evolve, they develop slow and strong dust-driven stellar winds, making the joint study of dust and gas essential for understanding their nature. As a pilot investigation, we selected planetary nebula (PN) K 3-54 as our target, the only known PN in the Milky Way to exhibit infrar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adbe36 |
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| author | Xiuhui Chen Dejian Liu Ping Yan Binggang Ju Dengrong Lu Yingjie Li |
| author_facet | Xiuhui Chen Dejian Liu Ping Yan Binggang Ju Dengrong Lu Yingjie Li |
| author_sort | Xiuhui Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As planetary nebulae evolve, they develop slow and strong dust-driven stellar winds, making the joint study of dust and gas essential for understanding their nature. As a pilot investigation, we selected planetary nebula (PN) K 3-54 as our target, the only known PN in the Milky Way to exhibit infrared emission from both graphene (C _24 ) and fullerene (C _60 ). The gas is traced via molecular line emissions from ^12 CO, ^13 CO, and C ^18 O ( J = 1 → 0), observed using the 13.7 m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. We investigate the dynamics of this PN and identify a bipolar outflow. Preliminary results suggest that the large dynamical timescale of the outflow and the weak shock environment may account for the simultaneous survival of C _24 and C _60 within and around PN K 3-54. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-699b57d00aae49ab9d37357332e4a7ea |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-699b57d00aae49ab9d37357332e4a7ea2025-08-20T02:48:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169423210.3847/1538-3881/adbe36Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54Xiuhui Chen0Dejian Liu1Ping Yan2Binggang Ju3Dengrong Lu4Yingjie Li5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-0120College of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan University of Arts and Science , Changde 415000, People’s Republic of China ; chenxh@huas.edu.cnCollege of Science, China Three Gorges University , Yichang 443002, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaPurple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of ChinaAs planetary nebulae evolve, they develop slow and strong dust-driven stellar winds, making the joint study of dust and gas essential for understanding their nature. As a pilot investigation, we selected planetary nebula (PN) K 3-54 as our target, the only known PN in the Milky Way to exhibit infrared emission from both graphene (C _24 ) and fullerene (C _60 ). The gas is traced via molecular line emissions from ^12 CO, ^13 CO, and C ^18 O ( J = 1 → 0), observed using the 13.7 m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. We investigate the dynamics of this PN and identify a bipolar outflow. Preliminary results suggest that the large dynamical timescale of the outflow and the weak shock environment may account for the simultaneous survival of C _24 and C _60 within and around PN K 3-54.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adbe36Planetary nebulaeCircumstellar matterInterstellar dynamicsJetsStellar windsStellar mass loss |
| spellingShingle | Xiuhui Chen Dejian Liu Ping Yan Binggang Ju Dengrong Lu Yingjie Li Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 The Astronomical Journal Planetary nebulae Circumstellar matter Interstellar dynamics Jets Stellar winds Stellar mass loss |
| title | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| title_full | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| title_fullStr | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| title_short | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| title_sort | outflowing gas in the planetary nebula k 3 54 |
| topic | Planetary nebulae Circumstellar matter Interstellar dynamics Jets Stellar winds Stellar mass loss |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adbe36 |
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