A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model

<b>Background</b>: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection worldwide and is the primary basis for pediatric primary care visits and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Current licensed vaccines have been incompletely ineffective at reducing the global burden of AOM, un...

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Main Authors: Haley Echlin, Amy Iverson, Abigail McKnight, Jason W. Rosch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1432
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author Haley Echlin
Amy Iverson
Abigail McKnight
Jason W. Rosch
author_facet Haley Echlin
Amy Iverson
Abigail McKnight
Jason W. Rosch
author_sort Haley Echlin
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection worldwide and is the primary basis for pediatric primary care visits and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Current licensed vaccines have been incompletely ineffective at reducing the global burden of AOM, underscoring a major unmet medical need. The complex etiology of AOM presents additional challenges for vaccine development, as it can stem from multiple bacterial species including <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>. As such, targeting multiple pathogens simultaneously may be required to significantly impact the overall disease burden. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we aim to overcome this challenge by engineering a live-attenuated vaccine platform based on an attenuated mutant of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> that expresses <i>H. influenzae</i> and <i>M. catarrhalis</i> surface epitopes to induce protective immunity against all three pathogens. <b>Results</b>: The trivalent live-attenuated vaccine conferred significant protection against all three bacterial otopathogens as measured by seroconversion and the development of AOM, with the inclusion of the additional epitopes providing unexpected synergy and enhanced protection against <i>S. pneumoniae</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of introducing non-native immunogenic antigens into a live-attenuated vaccine platform to engender protection against AOM from multiple pathogenic species.
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spelling doaj-art-699054bcc03e469fbd5894020aa18e752025-08-20T02:01:14ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-011212143210.3390/vaccines12121432A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine ModelHaley Echlin0Amy Iverson1Abigail McKnight2Jason W. Rosch3Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USADepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USADepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USADepartment of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA<b>Background</b>: Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common pediatric infection worldwide and is the primary basis for pediatric primary care visits and antibiotic prescriptions in children. Current licensed vaccines have been incompletely ineffective at reducing the global burden of AOM, underscoring a major unmet medical need. The complex etiology of AOM presents additional challenges for vaccine development, as it can stem from multiple bacterial species including <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>. As such, targeting multiple pathogens simultaneously may be required to significantly impact the overall disease burden. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we aim to overcome this challenge by engineering a live-attenuated vaccine platform based on an attenuated mutant of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> that expresses <i>H. influenzae</i> and <i>M. catarrhalis</i> surface epitopes to induce protective immunity against all three pathogens. <b>Results</b>: The trivalent live-attenuated vaccine conferred significant protection against all three bacterial otopathogens as measured by seroconversion and the development of AOM, with the inclusion of the additional epitopes providing unexpected synergy and enhanced protection against <i>S. pneumoniae</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of introducing non-native immunogenic antigens into a live-attenuated vaccine platform to engender protection against AOM from multiple pathogenic species.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1432acute otitis medialive-attenuated vaccinemultiple otopathogens
spellingShingle Haley Echlin
Amy Iverson
Abigail McKnight
Jason W. Rosch
A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
Vaccines
acute otitis media
live-attenuated vaccine
multiple otopathogens
title A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
title_full A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
title_fullStr A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
title_full_unstemmed A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
title_short A Trivalent Live Vaccine Elicits Cross-Species Protection Against Acute Otitis Media in a Murine Model
title_sort trivalent live vaccine elicits cross species protection against acute otitis media in a murine model
topic acute otitis media
live-attenuated vaccine
multiple otopathogens
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/12/1432
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