Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data

Accurate localization plays a critical role in enabling underwater vehicle autonomy. In this work, we develop a robust infrastructure-based localization framework that estimates the position and orientation of underwater vehicles using only range measurements from long baseline (LBL) acoustic beacon...

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Main Authors: Sai Krishna Kanth Hari, Kaarthik Sundar, José Braga, João Teixeira, Swaroop Darbha, João Sousa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2637
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author Sai Krishna Kanth Hari
Kaarthik Sundar
José Braga
João Teixeira
Swaroop Darbha
João Sousa
author_facet Sai Krishna Kanth Hari
Kaarthik Sundar
José Braga
João Teixeira
Swaroop Darbha
João Sousa
author_sort Sai Krishna Kanth Hari
collection DOAJ
description Accurate localization plays a critical role in enabling underwater vehicle autonomy. In this work, we develop a robust infrastructure-based localization framework that estimates the position and orientation of underwater vehicles using only range measurements from long baseline (LBL) acoustic beacons to multiple on-board receivers. The proposed framework integrates three key components, each formulated as a convex optimization problem. First, we introduce a robust calibration function that unifies multiple sources of measurement error—such as range-dependent degradation, variable sound speed, and latency—by modeling them through a monotonic function. This function bounds the true distance and defines a convex feasible set for each receiver location. Next, we estimate the receiver positions as the center of this feasible region, using two notions of centrality: the Chebyshev center and the maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid (MVE), both formulated as convex programs. Finally, we recover the vehicle’s full 6-DOF pose by enforcing rigid-body constraints on the estimated receiver positions. To do this, we leverage the known geometric configuration of the receivers in the vehicle and solve the Orthogonal Procrustes Problem to compute the rotation matrix that best aligns the estimated and known configurations, thereby correcting the position estimates and determining the vehicle orientation. We evaluate the proposed method through both numerical simulations and field experiments. To further enhance robustness under real-world conditions, we model beacon-location uncertainty—due to mooring slack and water currents—as bounded spherical regions around nominal beacon positions. We then mitigate the uncertainty by integrating the modified range constraints into the MVE position estimation formulation, ensuring reliable localization even under infrastructure drift.
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spelling doaj-art-698e49dae32a47b79a855b70f1985df22025-08-20T03:36:30ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011715263710.3390/rs17152637Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing DataSai Krishna Kanth Hari0Kaarthik Sundar1José Braga2João Teixeira3Swaroop Darbha4João Sousa5Applied Mathematics & Plasma Physics (T-5), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAInformation Systems & Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory (A-1), Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAUnderwater Systems and Technology Laboratory (LSTS), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalUnderwater Systems and Technology Laboratory (LSTS), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAUnderwater Systems and Technology Laboratory (LSTS), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAccurate localization plays a critical role in enabling underwater vehicle autonomy. In this work, we develop a robust infrastructure-based localization framework that estimates the position and orientation of underwater vehicles using only range measurements from long baseline (LBL) acoustic beacons to multiple on-board receivers. The proposed framework integrates three key components, each formulated as a convex optimization problem. First, we introduce a robust calibration function that unifies multiple sources of measurement error—such as range-dependent degradation, variable sound speed, and latency—by modeling them through a monotonic function. This function bounds the true distance and defines a convex feasible set for each receiver location. Next, we estimate the receiver positions as the center of this feasible region, using two notions of centrality: the Chebyshev center and the maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid (MVE), both formulated as convex programs. Finally, we recover the vehicle’s full 6-DOF pose by enforcing rigid-body constraints on the estimated receiver positions. To do this, we leverage the known geometric configuration of the receivers in the vehicle and solve the Orthogonal Procrustes Problem to compute the rotation matrix that best aligns the estimated and known configurations, thereby correcting the position estimates and determining the vehicle orientation. We evaluate the proposed method through both numerical simulations and field experiments. To further enhance robustness under real-world conditions, we model beacon-location uncertainty—due to mooring slack and water currents—as bounded spherical regions around nominal beacon positions. We then mitigate the uncertainty by integrating the modified range constraints into the MVE position estimation formulation, ensuring reliable localization even under infrastructure drift.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2637Autonomous Underwater Vehiclesinfrastructure-based localizationacoustic beaconsorientation estimationsemi definite programmingonline re-calibration
spellingShingle Sai Krishna Kanth Hari
Kaarthik Sundar
José Braga
João Teixeira
Swaroop Darbha
João Sousa
Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
Remote Sensing
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
infrastructure-based localization
acoustic beacons
orientation estimation
semi definite programming
online re-calibration
title Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
title_full Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
title_fullStr Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
title_full_unstemmed Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
title_short Robust Underwater Vehicle Pose Estimation via Convex Optimization Using Range-Only Remote Sensing Data
title_sort robust underwater vehicle pose estimation via convex optimization using range only remote sensing data
topic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
infrastructure-based localization
acoustic beacons
orientation estimation
semi definite programming
online re-calibration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2637
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AT josebraga robustunderwatervehicleposeestimationviaconvexoptimizationusingrangeonlyremotesensingdata
AT joaoteixeira robustunderwatervehicleposeestimationviaconvexoptimizationusingrangeonlyremotesensingdata
AT swaroopdarbha robustunderwatervehicleposeestimationviaconvexoptimizationusingrangeonlyremotesensingdata
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