The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration
The latest advancements in nanomedicine have led to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced complications. However, nanoparticle penetration is significantly influenced by biological hydrogels, such as mucus, the extracellular matrix, biofilms, and nucleoporins. Solely modifying well-studied phys...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Chathuri I. Sodimanage Marc Schneider |
| author_facet | Chathuri I. Sodimanage Marc Schneider |
| author_sort | Chathuri I. Sodimanage |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The latest advancements in nanomedicine have led to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced complications. However, nanoparticle penetration is significantly influenced by biological hydrogels, such as mucus, the extracellular matrix, biofilms, and nucleoporins. Solely modifying well-studied physicochemical properties like size, charge, and surface chemistry is insufficient to fully elucidate or overcome these barriers. Recent studies have investigated the impact of particle elasticity, a relatively unexplored yet crucial physicochemical property influencing many biological processes. Hence, it is important to explore the impact of particle elasticity on penetrating biological hydrogels. This review examines biological hydrogels’ structural and functional features as diffusion barriers, provides an overview of particle elasticity, key elasticity measurement techniques, and explores strategies for elasticity modulation in nanoparticles, such as composition, crosslinking density, and structural design. Furthermore, nanoparticle penetration mechanisms, influenced by particle deformability, hydrogel mesh size, and adhesive interactions, are investigated by integrating theoretical and experimental findings. The evaluation of experimental data reveals the commonly observed particle elasticity trends in mucus penetration, extracellular matrix permeation, and corneal penetration of nanoparticles. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into designing next-generation nanomedicines capable of overcoming biological barriers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-698ce97c884141a3afff3ff016afd3e7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-698ce97c884141a3afff3ff016afd3e72025-08-20T02:21:50ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-06-0117676010.3390/pharmaceutics17060760The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel PenetrationChathuri I. Sodimanage0Marc Schneider1Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyDepartment of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus C4 1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyThe latest advancements in nanomedicine have led to increased therapeutic efficacy and reduced complications. However, nanoparticle penetration is significantly influenced by biological hydrogels, such as mucus, the extracellular matrix, biofilms, and nucleoporins. Solely modifying well-studied physicochemical properties like size, charge, and surface chemistry is insufficient to fully elucidate or overcome these barriers. Recent studies have investigated the impact of particle elasticity, a relatively unexplored yet crucial physicochemical property influencing many biological processes. Hence, it is important to explore the impact of particle elasticity on penetrating biological hydrogels. This review examines biological hydrogels’ structural and functional features as diffusion barriers, provides an overview of particle elasticity, key elasticity measurement techniques, and explores strategies for elasticity modulation in nanoparticles, such as composition, crosslinking density, and structural design. Furthermore, nanoparticle penetration mechanisms, influenced by particle deformability, hydrogel mesh size, and adhesive interactions, are investigated by integrating theoretical and experimental findings. The evaluation of experimental data reveals the commonly observed particle elasticity trends in mucus penetration, extracellular matrix permeation, and corneal penetration of nanoparticles. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into designing next-generation nanomedicines capable of overcoming biological barriers.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/760nanoparticle stiffnessdeformable particlesbiological barriershydrogel diffusiondrug deliverycomputational modeling |
| spellingShingle | Chathuri I. Sodimanage Marc Schneider The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration Pharmaceutics nanoparticle stiffness deformable particles biological barriers hydrogel diffusion drug delivery computational modeling |
| title | The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration |
| title_full | The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration |
| title_short | The Role of Nanoparticle Elasticity on Biological Hydrogel Penetration |
| title_sort | role of nanoparticle elasticity on biological hydrogel penetration |
| topic | nanoparticle stiffness deformable particles biological barriers hydrogel diffusion drug delivery computational modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/760 |
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