To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma

We report a sequence of unusual male behaviors observed in <i>Nephila pilipes</i> (Fabricius, 1793) (Araneae: Nephilidae Simon, 1894), a sexually size dimorphic tropical spider species in Singapore. We documented a male suitor using his mouth parts (chelicerae) rather than his copulatory...

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Main Authors: Matjaž Kuntner, Xin Xu, Daiqin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/281
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author Matjaž Kuntner
Xin Xu
Daiqin Li
author_facet Matjaž Kuntner
Xin Xu
Daiqin Li
author_sort Matjaž Kuntner
collection DOAJ
description We report a sequence of unusual male behaviors observed in <i>Nephila pilipes</i> (Fabricius, 1793) (Araneae: Nephilidae Simon, 1894), a sexually size dimorphic tropical spider species in Singapore. We documented a male suitor using his mouth parts (chelicerae) rather than his copulatory organs (pedipalps) to repeatedly probe female genitals. The behaviors may have served as a strategy to assess the female’s mating status, functioned as a courtship strategy, or, most plausibly, represented an attempt to remove a genital plug. The documented chrono-sequence culminated in the male’s attempted commensalism, followed by an aggressive attack by the female, resulting in near-fatal injury to the male. Notably, the attack did not escalate into cannibalism, suggesting that the extreme size difference in <i>Nephila</i> may render small males unappealing as prey.
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series Diversity
spelling doaj-art-69830f0cedcd4476aaeec552f4d6975a2025-08-20T02:28:20ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-04-0117428110.3390/d17040281To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s DilemmaMatjaž Kuntner0Xin Xu1Daiqin Li2Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaCentre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, ChinaCentre for Behavioural Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, ChinaWe report a sequence of unusual male behaviors observed in <i>Nephila pilipes</i> (Fabricius, 1793) (Araneae: Nephilidae Simon, 1894), a sexually size dimorphic tropical spider species in Singapore. We documented a male suitor using his mouth parts (chelicerae) rather than his copulatory organs (pedipalps) to repeatedly probe female genitals. The behaviors may have served as a strategy to assess the female’s mating status, functioned as a courtship strategy, or, most plausibly, represented an attempt to remove a genital plug. The documented chrono-sequence culminated in the male’s attempted commensalism, followed by an aggressive attack by the female, resulting in near-fatal injury to the male. Notably, the attack did not escalate into cannibalism, suggesting that the extreme size difference in <i>Nephila</i> may render small males unappealing as prey.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/281sexual size dimorphismeSSD mating syndromegenital pluggingsexual cannibalism<i>Nephila pilipes</i>Nephilidae
spellingShingle Matjaž Kuntner
Xin Xu
Daiqin Li
To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
Diversity
sexual size dimorphism
eSSD mating syndrome
genital plugging
sexual cannibalism
<i>Nephila pilipes</i>
Nephilidae
title To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
title_full To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
title_fullStr To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
title_full_unstemmed To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
title_short To Mate or to Steal Food? A Male Spider’s Dilemma
title_sort to mate or to steal food a male spider s dilemma
topic sexual size dimorphism
eSSD mating syndrome
genital plugging
sexual cannibalism
<i>Nephila pilipes</i>
Nephilidae
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/4/281
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AT xinxu tomateortostealfoodamalespidersdilemma
AT daiqinli tomateortostealfoodamalespidersdilemma