An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science

The Exclusive Economic Zone of Saba (Dutch Windward Islands) has been designated Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary. However, to effectively conserve sharks, a baseline on their diversity and spatiotemporal distribution is required. We used three methods: telemetry, stereo-baited remote underw...

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Main Authors: Guido Leurs, Martin de Graaf, Dahlia Hassell-Knijff, Larissa Ayumi Kuramae Izioka, Wouter van Looijengoed, Melanie P. Meijer zu Schlochtern, Tadzio Bervoets, Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke, Hendriks V. Winter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-07-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241754
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author Guido Leurs
Martin de Graaf
Dahlia Hassell-Knijff
Larissa Ayumi Kuramae Izioka
Wouter van Looijengoed
Melanie P. Meijer zu Schlochtern
Tadzio Bervoets
Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke
Hendriks V. Winter
author_facet Guido Leurs
Martin de Graaf
Dahlia Hassell-Knijff
Larissa Ayumi Kuramae Izioka
Wouter van Looijengoed
Melanie P. Meijer zu Schlochtern
Tadzio Bervoets
Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke
Hendriks V. Winter
author_sort Guido Leurs
collection DOAJ
description The Exclusive Economic Zone of Saba (Dutch Windward Islands) has been designated Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary. However, to effectively conserve sharks, a baseline on their diversity and spatiotemporal distribution is required. We used three methods: telemetry, stereo-baited remote underwater video systems (stereo-BRUVs) and a citizen science program to study reef-associated sharks, mainly Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) and nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) around Saba during 2012–2020. Based on the stereo-BRUVs, we determined that the presence of Caribbean reef sharks (0.25 ± 0.48 maxN h−1; mean ± s.d.) and nurse sharks (0.20 ± 0.45 maxN h−1) was relatively high compared to other Caribbean coral reef systems. With telemetry, we showed that the residence and fidelity of Caribbean reef sharks were high, especially for immature individuals. In addition, we showed a higher presence of Caribbean reef sharks during December–May and a lower overall presence of adult males. The citizen science program showed an increase in observations of both species between 2012 and 2020, possibly indicating an increase in abundance or a change in shark behaviour related to the culling of exotic lionfish. We demonstrate that these three methods can be used complementary to provide a baseline of the diversity and spatiotemporal presence of reef-associated sharks.
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spelling doaj-art-69721b05e0cd4b058cfb9dbf8acc3cb62025-08-20T02:47:24ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-07-0112710.1098/rsos.241754An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen scienceGuido Leurs0Martin de Graaf1Dahlia Hassell-Knijff2Larissa Ayumi Kuramae Izioka3Wouter van Looijengoed4Melanie P. Meijer zu Schlochtern5Tadzio Bervoets6Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke7Hendriks V. Winter8Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, The NetherlandsWageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, The NetherlandsSaba Conservation Foundation, The Bottom Saba, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaSaba Conservation Foundation, The Bottom Saba, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaWageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, The NetherlandsWageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, The NetherlandsCaribbean Shark Coalition, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and SabaAquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, The NetherlandsWageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, The NetherlandsThe Exclusive Economic Zone of Saba (Dutch Windward Islands) has been designated Yarari Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary. However, to effectively conserve sharks, a baseline on their diversity and spatiotemporal distribution is required. We used three methods: telemetry, stereo-baited remote underwater video systems (stereo-BRUVs) and a citizen science program to study reef-associated sharks, mainly Caribbean reef sharks (Carcharhinus perezi) and nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) around Saba during 2012–2020. Based on the stereo-BRUVs, we determined that the presence of Caribbean reef sharks (0.25 ± 0.48 maxN h−1; mean ± s.d.) and nurse sharks (0.20 ± 0.45 maxN h−1) was relatively high compared to other Caribbean coral reef systems. With telemetry, we showed that the residence and fidelity of Caribbean reef sharks were high, especially for immature individuals. In addition, we showed a higher presence of Caribbean reef sharks during December–May and a lower overall presence of adult males. The citizen science program showed an increase in observations of both species between 2012 and 2020, possibly indicating an increase in abundance or a change in shark behaviour related to the culling of exotic lionfish. We demonstrate that these three methods can be used complementary to provide a baseline of the diversity and spatiotemporal presence of reef-associated sharks.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241754site fidelityresidencyacoustic telemetryCaribbean reef sharkAtlantic nurse sharkmarine protected area
spellingShingle Guido Leurs
Martin de Graaf
Dahlia Hassell-Knijff
Larissa Ayumi Kuramae Izioka
Wouter van Looijengoed
Melanie P. Meijer zu Schlochtern
Tadzio Bervoets
Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke
Hendriks V. Winter
An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
Royal Society Open Science
site fidelity
residency
acoustic telemetry
Caribbean reef shark
Atlantic nurse shark
marine protected area
title An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
title_full An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
title_fullStr An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
title_full_unstemmed An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
title_short An integrated baseline assessment of reef-associated sharks around Saba (Dutch Caribbean), combining three methods: stereo-BRUVs, telemetry and citizen science
title_sort integrated baseline assessment of reef associated sharks around saba dutch caribbean combining three methods stereo bruvs telemetry and citizen science
topic site fidelity
residency
acoustic telemetry
Caribbean reef shark
Atlantic nurse shark
marine protected area
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241754
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