Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study

Background/purpose: Given the antifungal activity of zinc compounds against Candida albicans, this study aimed to investigate the effects of incubation time, pH, and ionic strength on their candidacidal activity against C. albicans. Materials and methods: Two zinc compounds (zinc chloride and sulfat...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yoon-Jai Hwang, Yoon-Young Kim, Ji-Youn Chang, Hong-Seop Kho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Dental Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224003131
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849338198454435840
author Yoon-Jai Hwang
Yoon-Young Kim
Ji-Youn Chang
Hong-Seop Kho
author_facet Yoon-Jai Hwang
Yoon-Young Kim
Ji-Youn Chang
Hong-Seop Kho
author_sort Yoon-Jai Hwang
collection DOAJ
description Background/purpose: Given the antifungal activity of zinc compounds against Candida albicans, this study aimed to investigate the effects of incubation time, pH, and ionic strength on their candidacidal activity against C. albicans. Materials and methods: Two zinc compounds (zinc chloride and sulfate) and three C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231, 11006, and 18804) were used. The parameters considered include incubation times of immediate, 10, 60, and 120 min, pH of 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, and 4.0, and ionic strength of mimicking human saliva, 100, 150, and 200 mM. The candidacidal activity was determined by comparing colony numbers on the experimental and control plates. Results: The candidacidal activities of the zinc compounds significantly increased with increasing incubation time, decreasing pH, and increasing ionic strength. Significant levels of candidacidal activity were detected even within 10 min of incubation. The zinc compounds provided additional candidacidal activity under each pH and ionic strength condition. However, the effects of adding zinc compounds were less than those of lowering pH or increasing ionic strength. The candidacidal activities at each incubation time, pH, and ionic strength varied depending on the zinc compound and C. albicans strain; lower activities in zinc chloride and the 18804 strain. Conclusion: The candidacidal activity of the zinc compounds occurred immediately. They provided additional candidacidal activities even at low pH or high ionic strength environments. Oral healthcare products containing zinc compounds can provide antifungal activities in a changing oral environment.
format Article
id doaj-art-6961817e04214f6eb4eafcbfb5839ede
institution Kabale University
issn 1991-7902
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Dental Sciences
spelling doaj-art-6961817e04214f6eb4eafcbfb5839ede2025-08-20T03:44:28ZengElsevierJournal of Dental Sciences1991-79022025-04-0120288589410.1016/j.jds.2024.09.002Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro studyYoon-Jai Hwang0Yoon-Young Kim1Ji-Youn Chang2Hong-Seop Kho3Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.Background/purpose: Given the antifungal activity of zinc compounds against Candida albicans, this study aimed to investigate the effects of incubation time, pH, and ionic strength on their candidacidal activity against C. albicans. Materials and methods: Two zinc compounds (zinc chloride and sulfate) and three C. albicans strains (ATCC 10231, 11006, and 18804) were used. The parameters considered include incubation times of immediate, 10, 60, and 120 min, pH of 5.5, 5.0, 4.5, and 4.0, and ionic strength of mimicking human saliva, 100, 150, and 200 mM. The candidacidal activity was determined by comparing colony numbers on the experimental and control plates. Results: The candidacidal activities of the zinc compounds significantly increased with increasing incubation time, decreasing pH, and increasing ionic strength. Significant levels of candidacidal activity were detected even within 10 min of incubation. The zinc compounds provided additional candidacidal activity under each pH and ionic strength condition. However, the effects of adding zinc compounds were less than those of lowering pH or increasing ionic strength. The candidacidal activities at each incubation time, pH, and ionic strength varied depending on the zinc compound and C. albicans strain; lower activities in zinc chloride and the 18804 strain. Conclusion: The candidacidal activity of the zinc compounds occurred immediately. They provided additional candidacidal activities even at low pH or high ionic strength environments. Oral healthcare products containing zinc compounds can provide antifungal activities in a changing oral environment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224003131AntifungalCandidaIncubation timeIonic strengthpHZinc compound
spellingShingle Yoon-Jai Hwang
Yoon-Young Kim
Ji-Youn Chang
Hong-Seop Kho
Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
Journal of Dental Sciences
Antifungal
Candida
Incubation time
Ionic strength
pH
Zinc compound
title Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
title_full Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
title_fullStr Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
title_full_unstemmed Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
title_short Candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time, pH, and ionic strength – An in vitro study
title_sort candidacidal activities of zinc compounds based on incubation time ph and ionic strength an in vitro study
topic Antifungal
Candida
Incubation time
Ionic strength
pH
Zinc compound
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1991790224003131
work_keys_str_mv AT yoonjaihwang candidacidalactivitiesofzinccompoundsbasedonincubationtimephandionicstrengthaninvitrostudy
AT yoonyoungkim candidacidalactivitiesofzinccompoundsbasedonincubationtimephandionicstrengthaninvitrostudy
AT jiyounchang candidacidalactivitiesofzinccompoundsbasedonincubationtimephandionicstrengthaninvitrostudy
AT hongseopkho candidacidalactivitiesofzinccompoundsbasedonincubationtimephandionicstrengthaninvitrostudy