Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice
Abstract Nano‐patterned magnetic materials have opened new venues for the investigation of strongly correlated phenomena including artificial spin‐ice systems, geometric frustration, and magnetic monopoles, for technologically important applications such as reconfigurable ferromagnetism. With the ad...
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Wiley
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202409240 |
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| author | Avia Noah Nofar Fridman Yishay Zur Maya Markman Yotam Katz King Maya Klang Ricardo Rama‐Eiroa Harshvardhan Solanki Michael L. Reichenberg Ashby Tamar Levin Edwin Herrera Martin E. Huber Snir Gazit Elton J. G. Santos Hermann Suderow Hadar Steinberg Oded Millo Yonathan Anahory |
| author_facet | Avia Noah Nofar Fridman Yishay Zur Maya Markman Yotam Katz King Maya Klang Ricardo Rama‐Eiroa Harshvardhan Solanki Michael L. Reichenberg Ashby Tamar Levin Edwin Herrera Martin E. Huber Snir Gazit Elton J. G. Santos Hermann Suderow Hadar Steinberg Oded Millo Yonathan Anahory |
| author_sort | Avia Noah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nano‐patterned magnetic materials have opened new venues for the investigation of strongly correlated phenomena including artificial spin‐ice systems, geometric frustration, and magnetic monopoles, for technologically important applications such as reconfigurable ferromagnetism. With the advent of atomically thin 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, a pertinent question is whether such compounds could make their way into this realm where interactions can be tailored so that unconventional states of matter can be assessed. Here, it is shown that square islands of CrGeTe3 vdW ferromagnets distributed in a grid manifest antiferromagnetic correlations, essential to enable frustration resulting in an artificial spin‐ice. By using a combination of SQUID‐on‐tip microscopy, focused ion beam lithography, and atomistic spin dynamic simulations, it is shown that a square array of CGT island as small as 150 × 150 × 60 nm3 have tunable dipole–dipole interactions, which can be precisely controlled by their lateral spacing. There is a crossover between non‐interacting islands and significant inter‐island anticorrelation depending on how they are spatially distributed allowing the creation of complex magnetic patterns not observable at the isolated flakes. These findings suggest that the cross‐talk between the nano‐patterned magnets can be explored in the generation of even more complex spin configurations where exotic interactions may be manipulated in an unprecedented way. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-695f48a6ccb5497bb6431b287632a685 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-695f48a6ccb5497bb6431b287632a6852025-02-04T13:14:54ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-02-01125n/an/a10.1002/advs.202409240Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin IceAvia Noah0Nofar Fridman1Yishay Zur2Maya Markman3Yotam Katz King4Maya Klang5Ricardo Rama‐Eiroa6Harshvardhan Solanki7Michael L. Reichenberg Ashby8Tamar Levin9Edwin Herrera10Martin E. Huber11Snir Gazit12Elton J. G. Santos13Hermann Suderow14Hadar Steinberg15Oded Millo16Yonathan Anahory17The Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelInstitute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93FD UKInstitute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93FD UKThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelLaboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid E‐28049 SpainDepartments of Physics and Electrical Engineering University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217 USAThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelInstitute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems School of Physics and Astronomy University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93FD UKLaboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas Unidad Asociada UAM/CSIC Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada Instituto Nicolás Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid E‐28049 SpainThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelThe Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University Jerusalem 9190401 IsraelAbstract Nano‐patterned magnetic materials have opened new venues for the investigation of strongly correlated phenomena including artificial spin‐ice systems, geometric frustration, and magnetic monopoles, for technologically important applications such as reconfigurable ferromagnetism. With the advent of atomically thin 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, a pertinent question is whether such compounds could make their way into this realm where interactions can be tailored so that unconventional states of matter can be assessed. Here, it is shown that square islands of CrGeTe3 vdW ferromagnets distributed in a grid manifest antiferromagnetic correlations, essential to enable frustration resulting in an artificial spin‐ice. By using a combination of SQUID‐on‐tip microscopy, focused ion beam lithography, and atomistic spin dynamic simulations, it is shown that a square array of CGT island as small as 150 × 150 × 60 nm3 have tunable dipole–dipole interactions, which can be precisely controlled by their lateral spacing. There is a crossover between non‐interacting islands and significant inter‐island anticorrelation depending on how they are spatially distributed allowing the creation of complex magnetic patterns not observable at the isolated flakes. These findings suggest that the cross‐talk between the nano‐patterned magnets can be explored in the generation of even more complex spin configurations where exotic interactions may be manipulated in an unprecedented way.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202409240artificial spin iceatomistic spin dynamicsCrGeTe3magnetic interactionsnano magnetismscanning SQUID microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Avia Noah Nofar Fridman Yishay Zur Maya Markman Yotam Katz King Maya Klang Ricardo Rama‐Eiroa Harshvardhan Solanki Michael L. Reichenberg Ashby Tamar Levin Edwin Herrera Martin E. Huber Snir Gazit Elton J. G. Santos Hermann Suderow Hadar Steinberg Oded Millo Yonathan Anahory Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice Advanced Science artificial spin ice atomistic spin dynamics CrGeTe3 magnetic interactions nano magnetism scanning SQUID microscopy |
| title | Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice |
| title_full | Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice |
| title_fullStr | Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice |
| title_short | Field‐Induced Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a Nanopatterned Van der Waals Ferromagnet: A Potential Artificial Spin Ice |
| title_sort | field induced antiferromagnetic correlations in a nanopatterned van der waals ferromagnet a potential artificial spin ice |
| topic | artificial spin ice atomistic spin dynamics CrGeTe3 magnetic interactions nano magnetism scanning SQUID microscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202409240 |
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