Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries
Abstract Anode-free sodium metal batteries have gained significant attention due to the abundance of their material resources and high energy densities. However, their practical application is hindered by continuous sodium consumption and dendrite growth characteristics. In this study, we present fl...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60168-8 |
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| author | Haolin Zhu Linfeng Peng Junxiu Wu Siwu Li Qiang Wu Shijie Cheng Jia Xie Jun Lu |
| author_facet | Haolin Zhu Linfeng Peng Junxiu Wu Siwu Li Qiang Wu Shijie Cheng Jia Xie Jun Lu |
| author_sort | Haolin Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Anode-free sodium metal batteries have gained significant attention due to the abundance of their material resources and high energy densities. However, their practical application is hindered by continuous sodium consumption and dendrite growth characteristics. In this study, we present fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon fibers to enhance the cycling performance of anode-free sodium metal batteries. The introduction of electronegative fluorine generates more Lewis acid sites and sodiophilic Zn-Nx sites, thereby suppressing electrolyte decomposition and promoting uniform sodium metal deposition. Structural modifications are implemented to create a micropore-covered mesoporous framework, resulting in the formation of a thin, uniform solid electrolyte interphase that facilitates Na metal confinement and self-smoothing. The carbon fibers as the current collector exhibit a low sodium nucleation overpotential and rapid sodium thermal infusion, demonstrating highly reversible sodium plating/stripping for more than 5000 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93% at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, anode-free pouch cell with high-loading positive electrode achieves stable cycling characteristics for 200 cycles with 90% capacity retention. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of tailoring the compositions and microstructures of porous carbon current collectors for enhancing the cycling life and stability characteristics of sodium metal batteries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6930de9f6df340c2b7801a53ac92695c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-6930de9f6df340c2b7801a53ac92695c2025-08-20T03:03:33ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-60168-8Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteriesHaolin Zhu0Linfeng Peng1Junxiu Wu2Siwu Li3Qiang Wu4Shijie Cheng5Jia Xie6Jun Lu7State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Anode-free sodium metal batteries have gained significant attention due to the abundance of their material resources and high energy densities. However, their practical application is hindered by continuous sodium consumption and dendrite growth characteristics. In this study, we present fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon fibers to enhance the cycling performance of anode-free sodium metal batteries. The introduction of electronegative fluorine generates more Lewis acid sites and sodiophilic Zn-Nx sites, thereby suppressing electrolyte decomposition and promoting uniform sodium metal deposition. Structural modifications are implemented to create a micropore-covered mesoporous framework, resulting in the formation of a thin, uniform solid electrolyte interphase that facilitates Na metal confinement and self-smoothing. The carbon fibers as the current collector exhibit a low sodium nucleation overpotential and rapid sodium thermal infusion, demonstrating highly reversible sodium plating/stripping for more than 5000 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93% at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, anode-free pouch cell with high-loading positive electrode achieves stable cycling characteristics for 200 cycles with 90% capacity retention. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of tailoring the compositions and microstructures of porous carbon current collectors for enhancing the cycling life and stability characteristics of sodium metal batteries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60168-8 |
| spellingShingle | Haolin Zhu Linfeng Peng Junxiu Wu Siwu Li Qiang Wu Shijie Cheng Jia Xie Jun Lu Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries Nature Communications |
| title | Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries |
| title_full | Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries |
| title_fullStr | Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries |
| title_short | Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries |
| title_sort | fluorine doped micropore covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long lasting anode free sodium metal batteries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60168-8 |
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