Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide toxin that induces injury in different organs. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of carvacrol were reported previously. The effects of carvacrol and pioglitazone (Pio) alone and their combination on inhaled PQ-induced systemic and lung oxidative stress and i...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | PPAR Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4049448 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832543426145419264 |
|---|---|
| author | Arghavan Memarzia Fatemeh Amin Amin Mokhtari-Zaer Zohre Arab Saeideh Saadat Mahrokh Heydari Zahra Ghasemi Farzaneh Naghdi Mahmoud Hosseini Mohammad Hossein Boskabady |
| author_facet | Arghavan Memarzia Fatemeh Amin Amin Mokhtari-Zaer Zohre Arab Saeideh Saadat Mahrokh Heydari Zahra Ghasemi Farzaneh Naghdi Mahmoud Hosseini Mohammad Hossein Boskabady |
| author_sort | Arghavan Memarzia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide toxin that induces injury in different organs. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of carvacrol were reported previously. The effects of carvacrol and pioglitazone (Pio) alone and their combination on inhaled PQ-induced systemic and lung oxidative stress and inflammation as well as behavioral changes were examined in rats. In this study, animals were exposed to saline (control [Ctrl]) or PQ (PQ groups) aerosols. PQ-exposed animals were treated with 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dexa), 20 and 80 mg/kg/day carvacrol (C-L and C-H), 5 mg/kg/day Pio, and Pio+C-L for 16 days. Inhaled PQ markedly enhanced total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and thiol levels both in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood and increased interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the BALF (p<0.001 for all cases) except lymphocyte count in blood which was not significantly changed. The escape latency and traveled distance were increased in the PQ group. However, the time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the duration of time latency in the dark room in the shuttle box test were reduced after receiving an electrical shock (p<0.05–p<0.001). Inhaled PQ-induced changes were significantly improved in carvacrol, Pio, Dexa, and especially in the combination of the Pio+C-L treated groups (p<0.05–p<0.001). Carvacrol and Pio improved PQ-induced changes similar to Dexa, but ameliorative effects produced by combination treatments of Pio+C-L were more prominent than Pio and C-L alone, suggesting a potentiating effect for the combination of the two agents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6920866193124e84b63e838097b6fc5f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-4765 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PPAR Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-6920866193124e84b63e838097b6fc5f2025-02-03T11:40:29ZengWileyPPAR Research1687-47652024-01-01202410.1155/2024/4049448Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by CarvacrolArghavan Memarzia0Fatemeh Amin1Amin Mokhtari-Zaer2Zohre Arab3Saeideh Saadat4Mahrokh Heydari5Zahra Ghasemi6Farzaneh Naghdi7Mahmoud Hosseini8Mohammad Hossein Boskabady9Applied Biomedical Research CenterPhysiology–Pharmacology Research CenterStudent Research CommitteeDepartment of PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyCutaneous Leishmaniasis Research CenterDepartment of PhysiologyDepartment of PhysiologyApplied Biomedical Research CenterParaquat (PQ) is an herbicide toxin that induces injury in different organs. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of carvacrol were reported previously. The effects of carvacrol and pioglitazone (Pio) alone and their combination on inhaled PQ-induced systemic and lung oxidative stress and inflammation as well as behavioral changes were examined in rats. In this study, animals were exposed to saline (control [Ctrl]) or PQ (PQ groups) aerosols. PQ-exposed animals were treated with 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dexa), 20 and 80 mg/kg/day carvacrol (C-L and C-H), 5 mg/kg/day Pio, and Pio+C-L for 16 days. Inhaled PQ markedly enhanced total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but decreased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and thiol levels both in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood and increased interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in the BALF (p<0.001 for all cases) except lymphocyte count in blood which was not significantly changed. The escape latency and traveled distance were increased in the PQ group. However, the time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the duration of time latency in the dark room in the shuttle box test were reduced after receiving an electrical shock (p<0.05–p<0.001). Inhaled PQ-induced changes were significantly improved in carvacrol, Pio, Dexa, and especially in the combination of the Pio+C-L treated groups (p<0.05–p<0.001). Carvacrol and Pio improved PQ-induced changes similar to Dexa, but ameliorative effects produced by combination treatments of Pio+C-L were more prominent than Pio and C-L alone, suggesting a potentiating effect for the combination of the two agents.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4049448 |
| spellingShingle | Arghavan Memarzia Fatemeh Amin Amin Mokhtari-Zaer Zohre Arab Saeideh Saadat Mahrokh Heydari Zahra Ghasemi Farzaneh Naghdi Mahmoud Hosseini Mohammad Hossein Boskabady Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol PPAR Research |
| title | Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol |
| title_full | Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol |
| title_fullStr | Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol |
| title_short | Systemic and Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Associated With Behavioral Changes Induced by Inhaled Paraquat Are Ameliorated by Carvacrol |
| title_sort | systemic and lung inflammation and oxidative stress associated with behavioral changes induced by inhaled paraquat are ameliorated by carvacrol |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4049448 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arghavanmemarzia systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT fatemehamin systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT aminmokhtarizaer systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT zohrearab systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT saeidehsaadat systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT mahrokhheydari systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT zahraghasemi systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT farzanehnaghdi systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT mahmoudhosseini systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol AT mohammadhosseinboskabady systemicandlunginflammationandoxidativestressassociatedwithbehavioralchangesinducedbyinhaledparaquatareamelioratedbycarvacrol |