Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search

Grover’s search algorithm (GSA) offers quadratic speedup in searching unstructured databases but suffers from exponential circuit depth complexity. Here, we present two quantum circuits called HX and Ry layers for the searching problem. Remarkably, both circuits maintain a fixed circuit depth of two...

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Main Author: Junpeng Zhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Quantum Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/6/4/37
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author Junpeng Zhan
author_facet Junpeng Zhan
author_sort Junpeng Zhan
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description Grover’s search algorithm (GSA) offers quadratic speedup in searching unstructured databases but suffers from exponential circuit depth complexity. Here, we present two quantum circuits called HX and Ry layers for the searching problem. Remarkably, both circuits maintain a fixed circuit depth of two and one, respectively, irrespective of the number of qubits used. When the target element’s position index is known, we prove that either circuit, combined with a single multi-controlled <i>X</i> gate, effectively amplifies the target element’s probability to over 0.99 for any qubit number greater than seven. To search unknown databases, we use the depth-1 Ry layer as the <i>ansatz</i> in the Variational Quantum Search (VQS), whose efficacy is validated through numerical experiments on databases with up to 26 qubits. The VQS with the Ry layer exhibits an exponential advantage, in circuit depth, over the GSA for databases of up to 26 qubits.
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spelling doaj-art-6912e1abd6364ca6aee3971562f718e32025-08-20T02:01:21ZengMDPI AGQuantum Reports2624-960X2024-10-016455056310.3390/quantum6040037Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database SearchJunpeng Zhan0Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802, USAGrover’s search algorithm (GSA) offers quadratic speedup in searching unstructured databases but suffers from exponential circuit depth complexity. Here, we present two quantum circuits called HX and Ry layers for the searching problem. Remarkably, both circuits maintain a fixed circuit depth of two and one, respectively, irrespective of the number of qubits used. When the target element’s position index is known, we prove that either circuit, combined with a single multi-controlled <i>X</i> gate, effectively amplifies the target element’s probability to over 0.99 for any qubit number greater than seven. To search unknown databases, we use the depth-1 Ry layer as the <i>ansatz</i> in the Variational Quantum Search (VQS), whose efficacy is validated through numerical experiments on databases with up to 26 qubits. The VQS with the Ry layer exhibits an exponential advantage, in circuit depth, over the GSA for databases of up to 26 qubits.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/6/4/37Grover’s search algorithmsearch unstructured databasesvariational quantum search
spellingShingle Junpeng Zhan
Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
Quantum Reports
Grover’s search algorithm
search unstructured databases
variational quantum search
title Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
title_full Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
title_fullStr Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
title_full_unstemmed Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
title_short Shallow-Depth Quantum Circuit for Unstructured Database Search
title_sort shallow depth quantum circuit for unstructured database search
topic Grover’s search algorithm
search unstructured databases
variational quantum search
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/6/4/37
work_keys_str_mv AT junpengzhan shallowdepthquantumcircuitforunstructureddatabasesearch