Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh

Abstract Background According to recent statistics from WHO, 150 million people globally have visual impairments caused by uncorrected refractive errors. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of refractive error in Bangladesh's urban, rural, and marginalized populations (tea gardens)...

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Main Authors: Enayet Hussain, Ava Hossain, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Eija Viitasara, Koustuv Dalal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00675-7
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author Enayet Hussain
Ava Hossain
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
Eija Viitasara
Koustuv Dalal
author_facet Enayet Hussain
Ava Hossain
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
Eija Viitasara
Koustuv Dalal
author_sort Enayet Hussain
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background According to recent statistics from WHO, 150 million people globally have visual impairments caused by uncorrected refractive errors. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of refractive error in Bangladesh's urban, rural, and marginalized populations (tea gardens). Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among all school-going children (Class I-X) aged 5 to 18. The study adopted the stratified cluster sampling method to recruit study subjects. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews. Trained optometrists carried out vision screening and refraction to identify children with vision impairment. Results The prevalence of refractive error is 5.3 per 100 population in which myopia is the most common form of refractive error found in 125 (78.6%, 95% CI: 77.1–80.1), followed by astigmatism in 20 (12.6%, 95% CI: 11.4–13.8) and the rest of the cases are hyperopia among 14 (8.8%, 95% CI: 7.8–9.8) children. At the time of the vision screening, only 25 (15.7%) children using spectacles were found. The study findings also showed that urban areas had the highest percentage of refractive error (9.9%), and rural and tea gardens had 3.9% and 2.1% refractive error, respectively. Refractive error was relatively higher among girls’ (AOR = 1.5, p < 0.01, 95%CI: 1.07–2.11) in comparison with boys’ and the percentage of refractive error was three times higher within the secondary school-going children (AOR = 3.2, p < 0.01, 95%CI: 1.23–8.08) compared to primary school children. Conclusion The prevalence of refractive error was higher in the above-ten-year-old age group and significantly lower in rural and tea garden populations. To resolve these challenges, an assortment of comprehensive strategies must be implemented.
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spelling doaj-art-6900d9b2f8074409b17de946c322954d2025-08-20T02:29:26ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-05-0122111010.1186/s12982-025-00675-7Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of BangladeshEnayet Hussain0Ava Hossain1Saidur Rahman Mashreky2Eija Viitasara3Koustuv Dalal4Division of Public Health Science, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversityOSB Eye Hospital and InstituteDepartment of Public Health, North South UniversityDivision of Public Health Science, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversityDivision of Public Health Science, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden UniversityAbstract Background According to recent statistics from WHO, 150 million people globally have visual impairments caused by uncorrected refractive errors. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of refractive error in Bangladesh's urban, rural, and marginalized populations (tea gardens). Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among all school-going children (Class I-X) aged 5 to 18. The study adopted the stratified cluster sampling method to recruit study subjects. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews. Trained optometrists carried out vision screening and refraction to identify children with vision impairment. Results The prevalence of refractive error is 5.3 per 100 population in which myopia is the most common form of refractive error found in 125 (78.6%, 95% CI: 77.1–80.1), followed by astigmatism in 20 (12.6%, 95% CI: 11.4–13.8) and the rest of the cases are hyperopia among 14 (8.8%, 95% CI: 7.8–9.8) children. At the time of the vision screening, only 25 (15.7%) children using spectacles were found. The study findings also showed that urban areas had the highest percentage of refractive error (9.9%), and rural and tea gardens had 3.9% and 2.1% refractive error, respectively. Refractive error was relatively higher among girls’ (AOR = 1.5, p < 0.01, 95%CI: 1.07–2.11) in comparison with boys’ and the percentage of refractive error was three times higher within the secondary school-going children (AOR = 3.2, p < 0.01, 95%CI: 1.23–8.08) compared to primary school children. Conclusion The prevalence of refractive error was higher in the above-ten-year-old age group and significantly lower in rural and tea garden populations. To resolve these challenges, an assortment of comprehensive strategies must be implemented.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00675-7Refractive errorChildrenEye healthLMICsBangladesh
spellingShingle Enayet Hussain
Ava Hossain
Saidur Rahman Mashreky
Eija Viitasara
Koustuv Dalal
Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
Discover Public Health
Refractive error
Children
Eye health
LMICs
Bangladesh
title Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
title_full Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
title_fullStr Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
title_short Prevalence of refractive error among school-aged children in Sylhet division of Bangladesh
title_sort prevalence of refractive error among school aged children in sylhet division of bangladesh
topic Refractive error
Children
Eye health
LMICs
Bangladesh
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00675-7
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AT saidurrahmanmashreky prevalenceofrefractiveerroramongschoolagedchildreninsylhetdivisionofbangladesh
AT eijaviitasara prevalenceofrefractiveerroramongschoolagedchildreninsylhetdivisionofbangladesh
AT koustuvdalal prevalenceofrefractiveerroramongschoolagedchildreninsylhetdivisionofbangladesh