Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters
This paper presents a detailed discrete-time implementation of an inner-loop voltage controller with a current limiter for grid-forming converters with an LC filter connected to the grid. The proposed approach utilizes a state feedback control law that depends on the states of both the converter and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3007 |
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| author | Alexandre Trevisan Pereira André Pacheco Meurer Humberto Pinheiro |
| author_facet | Alexandre Trevisan Pereira André Pacheco Meurer Humberto Pinheiro |
| author_sort | Alexandre Trevisan Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a detailed discrete-time implementation of an inner-loop voltage controller with a current limiter for grid-forming converters with an LC filter connected to the grid. The proposed approach utilizes a state feedback control law that depends on the states of both the converter and the internal model controller. Additionally, a resonant controller is designed to accurately track the fundamental frequency of the grid voltage. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed for both virtual impedance and virtual admittance implementations. To validate the controller’s effectiveness, simulation results are provided using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) setup, alongside a comparison of different virtual impedance implementations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68fe054ba82b4b8697a9aa2599f61cbb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-68fe054ba82b4b8697a9aa2599f61cbb2025-08-20T02:42:45ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156300710.3390/app15063007Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming ConvertersAlexandre Trevisan Pereira0André Pacheco Meurer1Humberto Pinheiro2Campus Sapiranga, Instituto Federal Sul-rio-Grandense, Pelotas 96015-360, BrazilCampus Farroupilha, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves 95700-344, BrazilGEPOC, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilThis paper presents a detailed discrete-time implementation of an inner-loop voltage controller with a current limiter for grid-forming converters with an LC filter connected to the grid. The proposed approach utilizes a state feedback control law that depends on the states of both the converter and the internal model controller. Additionally, a resonant controller is designed to accurately track the fundamental frequency of the grid voltage. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed for both virtual impedance and virtual admittance implementations. To validate the controller’s effectiveness, simulation results are provided using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) setup, alongside a comparison of different virtual impedance implementations.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3007grid forminginner-loop controlmicrogridvirtual impedanceNorthon equivalent |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre Trevisan Pereira André Pacheco Meurer Humberto Pinheiro Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters Applied Sciences grid forming inner-loop control microgrid virtual impedance Northon equivalent |
| title | Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters |
| title_full | Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters |
| title_fullStr | Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters |
| title_short | Inner-Loop Controllers for Grid-Forming Converters |
| title_sort | inner loop controllers for grid forming converters |
| topic | grid forming inner-loop control microgrid virtual impedance Northon equivalent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3007 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexandretrevisanpereira innerloopcontrollersforgridformingconverters AT andrepachecomeurer innerloopcontrollersforgridformingconverters AT humbertopinheiro innerloopcontrollersforgridformingconverters |