A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study

A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly.MethodsBased on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Yan Li, Qianqian Shen, Chengyu Chen, Xueru Yin, Xinru Wang, Xiyue Yang, Xueqian Zhang, Lei Chen, Jian Xu, Guifang Gong
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:	Frontiers in Nutrition
Subjects:	25-hydroxyvitamin D secondhand smoke cognitive impairment elderly synergistic effect
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1533193/full
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