A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study
ObjectivesTo investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly.MethodsBased on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1533193/full |
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| author | Yan Li Qianqian Shen Chengyu Chen Xueru Yin Xinru Wang Xiyue Yang Xueqian Zhang Lei Chen Jian Xu Guifang Gong |
| author_facet | Yan Li Qianqian Shen Chengyu Chen Xueru Yin Xinru Wang Xiyue Yang Xueqian Zhang Lei Chen Jian Xu Guifang Gong |
| author_sort | Yan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesTo investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly.MethodsBased on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years old) with detailed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], concentration of cotinine and tests score of cognitive function were included. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a cognitive score in the lowest quartile. The possible synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on cognitive impairment was evaluated by using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsVDD was independently associated with risk of low the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores, increased by nearly 60% [< 34, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03 ~ 2.53]. Although it only had an association with cognitive impairment indicated by DSST and the Animal Fluency test (AFT) in the crude model, SHS exposure showed significant synergistic effects with VDD on DSST (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.57 ~ 5.83, Pinteraction = 0.001) and AFT (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34 ~ 4.29, Pinteraction = 0.003), respectively, after adjusting for the possible confounders. In further stratified analysis, a more obvious synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on DSST (aOR: 4.73, 95%CI:1.77 ~ 12.68, Pinteraction = 0.002) and AFT (aOR: 5.30, 95%CI: 1.63 ~ 17.24, Pinteraction = 0.006) was found in obese and overweight subjects, respectively.ConclusionSHS exposure had synergistic effect with VDD on cognitive impairment among elderly and the interaction effect was more obvious in overweight and obese individuals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68e54e997c304ccbb0f9f79a5b49cbaa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-68e54e997c304ccbb0f9f79a5b49cbaa2025-02-11T15:16:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-02-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15331931533193A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional studyYan Li0Qianqian Shen1Chengyu Chen2Xueru Yin3Xinru Wang4Xiyue Yang5Xueqian Zhang6Lei Chen7Jian Xu8Guifang Gong9School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaDepartment of Elderly Health Management, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, ChinaQingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, ChinaObjectivesTo investigate whether exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) aggravates the detrimental effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on cognitive performance in the elderly.MethodsBased on National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014, 1,446 non-smoking participants (≥ 60 years old) with detailed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], concentration of cotinine and tests score of cognitive function were included. Cognitive impairment was defined as having a cognitive score in the lowest quartile. The possible synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on cognitive impairment was evaluated by using a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsVDD was independently associated with risk of low the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores, increased by nearly 60% [< 34, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03 ~ 2.53]. Although it only had an association with cognitive impairment indicated by DSST and the Animal Fluency test (AFT) in the crude model, SHS exposure showed significant synergistic effects with VDD on DSST (aOR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.57 ~ 5.83, Pinteraction = 0.001) and AFT (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34 ~ 4.29, Pinteraction = 0.003), respectively, after adjusting for the possible confounders. In further stratified analysis, a more obvious synergistic effect of SHS with VDD on DSST (aOR: 4.73, 95%CI:1.77 ~ 12.68, Pinteraction = 0.002) and AFT (aOR: 5.30, 95%CI: 1.63 ~ 17.24, Pinteraction = 0.006) was found in obese and overweight subjects, respectively.ConclusionSHS exposure had synergistic effect with VDD on cognitive impairment among elderly and the interaction effect was more obvious in overweight and obese individuals.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1533193/full25-hydroxyvitamin Dsecondhand smokecognitive impairmentelderlysynergistic effect |
| spellingShingle | Yan Li Qianqian Shen Chengyu Chen Xueru Yin Xinru Wang Xiyue Yang Xueqian Zhang Lei Chen Jian Xu Guifang Gong A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study Frontiers in Nutrition 25-hydroxyvitamin D secondhand smoke cognitive impairment elderly synergistic effect |
| title | A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study |
| title_full | A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study |
| title_fullStr | A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study |
| title_short | A synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin D deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross sectional study |
| title_sort | synergistic effect of secondhand smoke with vitamin d deficiency on cognitive impairment in older adults a cross sectional study |
| topic | 25-hydroxyvitamin D secondhand smoke cognitive impairment elderly synergistic effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1533193/full |
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