Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel

Objectives Research suggests that military personnel frequently delay disclosing mental health issues and illness (MHI), including substance use disorder, to supervisors. This delay causes missed opportunities for support and workplace accommodations which may help to avoid adverse occupational outc...

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Main Authors: Elbert Geuze, N Greenberg, Fenna Leijten, Jaap van Weeghel, Rebecca Bogaers, Evelien Brouwers, D van de Mheen, A D Rozema
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-04-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e063125.full
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author Elbert Geuze
N Greenberg
Fenna Leijten
Jaap van Weeghel
Rebecca Bogaers
Evelien Brouwers
D van de Mheen
A D Rozema
author_facet Elbert Geuze
N Greenberg
Fenna Leijten
Jaap van Weeghel
Rebecca Bogaers
Evelien Brouwers
D van de Mheen
A D Rozema
author_sort Elbert Geuze
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Research suggests that military personnel frequently delay disclosing mental health issues and illness (MHI), including substance use disorder, to supervisors. This delay causes missed opportunities for support and workplace accommodations which may help to avoid adverse occupational outcomes. The current study aims to examine disclosure-related beliefs, attitudes and needs, to create a better understanding of personnel’s disclosure decision making.Design A cross-sectional questionnaire study among military personnel with and without MHI. Beliefs, attitudes and needs regarding the (non-)disclosure decision to a supervisor were examined, including factors associated with (non-)disclosure intentions and decisions. Descriptive and regression (logistic and ordinal) analyses were performed.Setting The study took place within the Dutch military.Participants Military personnel with MHI (n=324) and without MHI (n=554) were participated in this study.Outcome measure (Non-)disclosure intentions and decisions.Results Common beliefs and attitudes pro non-disclosure were the preference to solve one’s own problems (68.3%), the preference for privacy (58.9%) and a variety of stigma-related concerns. Common beliefs and attitudes pro disclosure were that personnel wanted to be their true authentic selves (93.3%) and the desire to act responsibly towards work colleagues (84.5%). The most reported need for future disclosure (96.8%) was having a supervisor who shows an understanding for MHI. The following factors were associated both with non-disclosure intentions and decisions: higher preference for privacy (OR (95% CI))=(1.99 (1.50 to 2.65)intention, 2.05 (1.12 to 3.76)decision) and self-management (OR (95% CI))=(1.64 (1.20 to 2.23)intention, 1.79 (1.00 to 3.20)decision), higher stigma-related concerns (OR (95% CI))=(1.76 (1.12 to 2.77)intention, 2.21 (1.02 to 4.79)decision) and lower quality of supervisor–employee relationship (OR (95% CI))=(0.25 (0.15 to 0.42)intention, 0.47 (0.25 to 0.87)decision).Conclusion To facilitate (early-)disclosure to a supervisor, creating opportunities for workplace support, interventions should focus on decreasing stigma and discrimination and align with personnels’ preference for self-management. Furthermore, training is needed for supervisors on how to recognise, and effectively communicate with, personnel with MHI. Focus should also be on improving supervisor–employee relationships.
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spelling doaj-art-68e1c271e3ca452bba7218f937fcfb062025-08-20T02:12:41ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-04-0113410.1136/bmjopen-2022-063125Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnelElbert Geuze0N Greenberg1Fenna Leijten2Jaap van Weeghel3Rebecca Bogaers4Evelien Brouwers5D van de Mheen6A D Rozema7Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands2 King’s College London, London, UK1 Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The NetherlandsPhrenos Centre of Expertise, Utrecht, NetherlandsTranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Tilburg University, Tilburg, The NetherlandsTranzo Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, NetherlandsTranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg, The NetherlandsTranzo, Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg, The NetherlandsObjectives Research suggests that military personnel frequently delay disclosing mental health issues and illness (MHI), including substance use disorder, to supervisors. This delay causes missed opportunities for support and workplace accommodations which may help to avoid adverse occupational outcomes. The current study aims to examine disclosure-related beliefs, attitudes and needs, to create a better understanding of personnel’s disclosure decision making.Design A cross-sectional questionnaire study among military personnel with and without MHI. Beliefs, attitudes and needs regarding the (non-)disclosure decision to a supervisor were examined, including factors associated with (non-)disclosure intentions and decisions. Descriptive and regression (logistic and ordinal) analyses were performed.Setting The study took place within the Dutch military.Participants Military personnel with MHI (n=324) and without MHI (n=554) were participated in this study.Outcome measure (Non-)disclosure intentions and decisions.Results Common beliefs and attitudes pro non-disclosure were the preference to solve one’s own problems (68.3%), the preference for privacy (58.9%) and a variety of stigma-related concerns. Common beliefs and attitudes pro disclosure were that personnel wanted to be their true authentic selves (93.3%) and the desire to act responsibly towards work colleagues (84.5%). The most reported need for future disclosure (96.8%) was having a supervisor who shows an understanding for MHI. The following factors were associated both with non-disclosure intentions and decisions: higher preference for privacy (OR (95% CI))=(1.99 (1.50 to 2.65)intention, 2.05 (1.12 to 3.76)decision) and self-management (OR (95% CI))=(1.64 (1.20 to 2.23)intention, 1.79 (1.00 to 3.20)decision), higher stigma-related concerns (OR (95% CI))=(1.76 (1.12 to 2.77)intention, 2.21 (1.02 to 4.79)decision) and lower quality of supervisor–employee relationship (OR (95% CI))=(0.25 (0.15 to 0.42)intention, 0.47 (0.25 to 0.87)decision).Conclusion To facilitate (early-)disclosure to a supervisor, creating opportunities for workplace support, interventions should focus on decreasing stigma and discrimination and align with personnels’ preference for self-management. Furthermore, training is needed for supervisors on how to recognise, and effectively communicate with, personnel with MHI. Focus should also be on improving supervisor–employee relationships.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e063125.full
spellingShingle Elbert Geuze
N Greenberg
Fenna Leijten
Jaap van Weeghel
Rebecca Bogaers
Evelien Brouwers
D van de Mheen
A D Rozema
Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
BMJ Open
title Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
title_full Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
title_fullStr Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
title_full_unstemmed Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
title_short Mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder (non-)disclosure to a supervisor: a cross-sectional study on beliefs, attitudes and needs of military personnel
title_sort mental health issues and illness and substance use disorder non disclosure to a supervisor a cross sectional study on beliefs attitudes and needs of military personnel
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e063125.full
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