Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia

Introduction: Leukoplakia is one of the most common lesions of potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. It is important to clarify the histopathological diagnosis underlying cases clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia, which is crucial in determining the prognosis and the required therapy. Ma...

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Main Authors: Botond Bukovszky, László Simonffy, Szabolcs Gyulai-Gaál, Noémi Jákob, Csaba Dobó Nagy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hungarian Dental Association 2024-10-01
Series:Fogorvosi Szemle
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/fogorv-szemle/article/view/17379
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author Botond Bukovszky
László Simonffy
Szabolcs Gyulai-Gaál
Noémi Jákob
Csaba Dobó Nagy
author_facet Botond Bukovszky
László Simonffy
Szabolcs Gyulai-Gaál
Noémi Jákob
Csaba Dobó Nagy
author_sort Botond Bukovszky
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Leukoplakia is one of the most common lesions of potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. It is important to clarify the histopathological diagnosis underlying cases clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia, which is crucial in determining the prognosis and the required therapy. Material and Methods: 75 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia were histologically sampled between April 2021 and April 2024 at the Department of Oral Diagnostics, Department of Dento-alveolar Surgery, Semmelweis University. Histopathological analysis of the histopathological samples was performed on the basis of hematoxylin-eosin staining and in selected cases immunohistochemical analysis was performed at the Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research. Results and discussion: The 75 patients were classified according to the location of leukoplakia in decreasing order of frequency: gingiva/ edentulous jaw ridge (n = 26), buccal (n = 16), floor of the mouth (n = 12), tongue (n = 11), palate (n = 6), lip (n = 2). Multifocal appearance was also seen (n = 2). Histological sampling was usually a partial and not total excision of the lesion. Histopathological findings were hyperkeratosis (without dysplasia) in 51 cases, 19 cases with mild dysplasia, 5 cases with moderate dysplasia. There were no cases with severe dysplasia. In 61 cases were homogeneous and in 14 cases non-homogeneous leukoplakia. Dysplasia was significantly more frequent in clinically non-homogeneous leukoplakia (p = 0.0088). 32 of the 75 patients were smokers and 43 were non-smokers. Our results showed that smoking had no significant effect on the presence and severity of dysplasia. Patients were followed up continuously (6 months follow-up). Average follow-up time: 17.4 months (range: 1–38 months). Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia require histopathological sampling for histopathological examination and long-term follow-up is recommended to prevent late malignant transformation.
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spelling doaj-art-68e1b83f8be643f594ad55be8fa33ad02025-08-20T02:11:15ZengHungarian Dental AssociationFogorvosi Szemle2498-81702024-10-011172414610.33891/FSZ.117.2.41-4617379Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakiaBotond Bukovszky0László Simonffy1Szabolcs Gyulai-Gaál2Noémi Jákob3Csaba Dobó Nagy4Semmelweis Egyetem, Fogorvostudományi Kar, Orális Diagnosztikai TanszékSemmelweis Egyetem, Fogorvostudományi Kar, Orális Diagnosztikai TanszékSemmelweis Egyetem, Fogorvostudományi Kar, Orális Diagnosztikai TanszékSemmelweis Egyetem, Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató IntézetSemmelweis Egyetem, Fogorvostudományi Kar, Orális Diagnosztikai TanszékIntroduction: Leukoplakia is one of the most common lesions of potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. It is important to clarify the histopathological diagnosis underlying cases clinically diagnosed as leukoplakia, which is crucial in determining the prognosis and the required therapy. Material and Methods: 75 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia were histologically sampled between April 2021 and April 2024 at the Department of Oral Diagnostics, Department of Dento-alveolar Surgery, Semmelweis University. Histopathological analysis of the histopathological samples was performed on the basis of hematoxylin-eosin staining and in selected cases immunohistochemical analysis was performed at the Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research. Results and discussion: The 75 patients were classified according to the location of leukoplakia in decreasing order of frequency: gingiva/ edentulous jaw ridge (n = 26), buccal (n = 16), floor of the mouth (n = 12), tongue (n = 11), palate (n = 6), lip (n = 2). Multifocal appearance was also seen (n = 2). Histological sampling was usually a partial and not total excision of the lesion. Histopathological findings were hyperkeratosis (without dysplasia) in 51 cases, 19 cases with mild dysplasia, 5 cases with moderate dysplasia. There were no cases with severe dysplasia. In 61 cases were homogeneous and in 14 cases non-homogeneous leukoplakia. Dysplasia was significantly more frequent in clinically non-homogeneous leukoplakia (p = 0.0088). 32 of the 75 patients were smokers and 43 were non-smokers. Our results showed that smoking had no significant effect on the presence and severity of dysplasia. Patients were followed up continuously (6 months follow-up). Average follow-up time: 17.4 months (range: 1–38 months). Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia require histopathological sampling for histopathological examination and long-term follow-up is recommended to prevent late malignant transformation.https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/fogorv-szemle/article/view/17379potentially malignant lesionsleukoplakiadysplasia
spellingShingle Botond Bukovszky
László Simonffy
Szabolcs Gyulai-Gaál
Noémi Jákob
Csaba Dobó Nagy
Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
Fogorvosi Szemle
potentially malignant lesions
leukoplakia
dysplasia
title Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
title_full Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
title_fullStr Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
title_short Incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
title_sort incidence and histopathological examination of oral leukoplakia
topic potentially malignant lesions
leukoplakia
dysplasia
url https://ojs.mtak.hu/index.php/fogorv-szemle/article/view/17379
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AT szabolcsgyulaigaal incidenceandhistopathologicalexaminationoforalleukoplakia
AT noemijakob incidenceandhistopathologicalexaminationoforalleukoplakia
AT csabadobonagy incidenceandhistopathologicalexaminationoforalleukoplakia