Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives
Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and 6-month dentin micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of three universal adhesives applied using different double-layer application techniques. Methods Sixty-five human molar teeth were divided into 13 groups (n = 5) based on adhesive sy...
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06617-8 |
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| author | Gülşah Tonga Hüseyin Hatırlı Kübra Bahar |
| author_facet | Gülşah Tonga Hüseyin Hatırlı Kübra Bahar |
| author_sort | Gülşah Tonga |
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| description | Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and 6-month dentin micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of three universal adhesives applied using different double-layer application techniques. Methods Sixty-five human molar teeth were divided into 13 groups (n = 5) based on adhesive systems and application procedures. Three universal adhesives (G-Premio Bond, GC Corp.; GP, OptiBond Universal, Kerr; OB and Single Bond Universal, 3 M ESPE; SB) and a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake Dental; CSE) were tested. Universal adhesives were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions-(SL-MI) or three different double-layer application procedures: (1) the first adhesive layer was applied without either air thinning or light curing-(DL1), (2) air thinning without light curing the first layer-(DL2), (3) with air thinning and polymerisation each layer-(DL3). The two-step self-etch group was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. µTBS was measured immediately, after 3 months and 6 months of water storage. Statistical analyses were conducted using Three-Way ANOVA (p< 0.05). Results For the immediate and 3-month water storage of SB and GP, the highest µTBS values were observed in Group DL2, while for OB, Group DL3 exhibited the highest µTBS values (p< 0.05). After 6 months of water storage, differences among the application procedures were not significant for GP and OB (p> 0.05). The two-step self-etch system demonstrated higher µTBS than all universal adhesive systems at all test periods (p< 0.05). Conclusion The application of universal adhesives in two layers, particularly by thinning the first layer with air and polymerising after the second layer, positively affects immediate and 3-month µTBS. However, the benefits of double-layer application on 6-month µTBS appear to be material dependent. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68df6d674ad84cf5b213d3e17256f37f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-68df6d674ad84cf5b213d3e17256f37f2025-08-20T04:02:49ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-06617-8Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesivesGülşah Tonga0Hüseyin Hatırlı1Kübra Bahar2Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityAbstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and 6-month dentin micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of three universal adhesives applied using different double-layer application techniques. Methods Sixty-five human molar teeth were divided into 13 groups (n = 5) based on adhesive systems and application procedures. Three universal adhesives (G-Premio Bond, GC Corp.; GP, OptiBond Universal, Kerr; OB and Single Bond Universal, 3 M ESPE; SB) and a two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray Noritake Dental; CSE) were tested. Universal adhesives were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions-(SL-MI) or three different double-layer application procedures: (1) the first adhesive layer was applied without either air thinning or light curing-(DL1), (2) air thinning without light curing the first layer-(DL2), (3) with air thinning and polymerisation each layer-(DL3). The two-step self-etch group was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. µTBS was measured immediately, after 3 months and 6 months of water storage. Statistical analyses were conducted using Three-Way ANOVA (p< 0.05). Results For the immediate and 3-month water storage of SB and GP, the highest µTBS values were observed in Group DL2, while for OB, Group DL3 exhibited the highest µTBS values (p< 0.05). After 6 months of water storage, differences among the application procedures were not significant for GP and OB (p> 0.05). The two-step self-etch system demonstrated higher µTBS than all universal adhesive systems at all test periods (p< 0.05). Conclusion The application of universal adhesives in two layers, particularly by thinning the first layer with air and polymerising after the second layer, positively affects immediate and 3-month µTBS. However, the benefits of double-layer application on 6-month µTBS appear to be material dependent.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06617-8Universal adhesiveAdhesive applicationDouble layerMulti-layerAir thinPolymerising |
| spellingShingle | Gülşah Tonga Hüseyin Hatırlı Kübra Bahar Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives BMC Oral Health Universal adhesive Adhesive application Double layer Multi-layer Air thin Polymerising |
| title | Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| title_full | Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| title_fullStr | Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| title_short | Effect of double-layer application techniques on the dentin micro-tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| title_sort | effect of double layer application techniques on the dentin micro tensile bond strength of universal adhesives |
| topic | Universal adhesive Adhesive application Double layer Multi-layer Air thin Polymerising |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06617-8 |
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