Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans
Abstract Dental caries results from the colonization of oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and their adherence to teeth is the initial step in this process. Therefore, blocking the attachment to the enamel surface would lead to inhibition of biofilm formation. We investig...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08856-9 |
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| author | Milad Baseri Amirreza Naseri Faraz Radmand Hamed Hamishehkar Mohammad Yousef Memar Alireza Ebrahimi Solmaz Asnaashari Maryam Kouhsoltani |
| author_facet | Milad Baseri Amirreza Naseri Faraz Radmand Hamed Hamishehkar Mohammad Yousef Memar Alireza Ebrahimi Solmaz Asnaashari Maryam Kouhsoltani |
| author_sort | Milad Baseri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Dental caries results from the colonization of oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and their adherence to teeth is the initial step in this process. Therefore, blocking the attachment to the enamel surface would lead to inhibition of biofilm formation. We investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-attachment effects of nano-liposomal herbal extracts, including Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora; Z. multiflora), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis; S. hortensis), and Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra; BRSOR), against biofilm formation and adherence of S. mutans. S. mutans strain ATCC 35,668 was cultured, and aqueous extracts were prepared. An antibacterial assessment was conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method by the broth microdilution method. Nanoliposomes of Z. multiflora (Z-NLP) and S. hortensis (S-NLP) were prepared and characterized. Anti-biofilm assay was performed using the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) test. Finally, the effects of nanoliposomal herbal extracts were evaluated against S. mutans attachments to glass and enamel surfaces. The aqueous extract of BRSOR did not exhibit an antibacterial effect, and therefore, it was abandoned from further consideration in the work. No significant difference was observed between the herbal extracts and the control groups in MIC. Extract-loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a significantly higher anti-biofilm effect compared to aqueous extracts. Among the study groups, only Z-NLP had a similar attachment level to enamel with Chlorhexidine 0.2%. According to the results, Z-NLP showed a significant effect on the attachment of S. mutans to enamel, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68dc09a998b94a2d9114911be5eaf1af |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-68dc09a998b94a2d9114911be5eaf1af2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-08856-9Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutansMilad Baseri0Amirreza Naseri1Faraz Radmand2Hamed Hamishehkar3Mohammad Yousef Memar4Alireza Ebrahimi5Solmaz Asnaashari6Maryam Kouhsoltani7Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDrug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesBiotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Dental caries results from the colonization of oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and their adherence to teeth is the initial step in this process. Therefore, blocking the attachment to the enamel surface would lead to inhibition of biofilm formation. We investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-attachment effects of nano-liposomal herbal extracts, including Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora; Z. multiflora), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis; S. hortensis), and Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra; BRSOR), against biofilm formation and adherence of S. mutans. S. mutans strain ATCC 35,668 was cultured, and aqueous extracts were prepared. An antibacterial assessment was conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method by the broth microdilution method. Nanoliposomes of Z. multiflora (Z-NLP) and S. hortensis (S-NLP) were prepared and characterized. Anti-biofilm assay was performed using the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) test. Finally, the effects of nanoliposomal herbal extracts were evaluated against S. mutans attachments to glass and enamel surfaces. The aqueous extract of BRSOR did not exhibit an antibacterial effect, and therefore, it was abandoned from further consideration in the work. No significant difference was observed between the herbal extracts and the control groups in MIC. Extract-loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a significantly higher anti-biofilm effect compared to aqueous extracts. Among the study groups, only Z-NLP had a similar attachment level to enamel with Chlorhexidine 0.2%. According to the results, Z-NLP showed a significant effect on the attachment of S. mutans to enamel, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08856-9Herbal extractNanoliposomeBiofilmAdherenceStreptococcus mutans |
| spellingShingle | Milad Baseri Amirreza Naseri Faraz Radmand Hamed Hamishehkar Mohammad Yousef Memar Alireza Ebrahimi Solmaz Asnaashari Maryam Kouhsoltani Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans Scientific Reports Herbal extract Nanoliposome Biofilm Adherence Streptococcus mutans |
| title | Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| title_full | Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| title_fullStr | Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| title_short | Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| title_sort | effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans |
| topic | Herbal extract Nanoliposome Biofilm Adherence Streptococcus mutans |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08856-9 |
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