Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.

One of the most important characteristics of successful plant defence is the ability to rapidly identify potential threats in the surrounding environment. Plants rely on the perception of microbe-derived molecular pattern chemicals for this recognition, which initiates a number of induced defence re...

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Main Authors: Chanel J Pretorius, Paul A Steenkamp, Ian A Dubery
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311226
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author Chanel J Pretorius
Paul A Steenkamp
Ian A Dubery
author_facet Chanel J Pretorius
Paul A Steenkamp
Ian A Dubery
author_sort Chanel J Pretorius
collection DOAJ
description One of the most important characteristics of successful plant defence is the ability to rapidly identify potential threats in the surrounding environment. Plants rely on the perception of microbe-derived molecular pattern chemicals for this recognition, which initiates a number of induced defence reactions that ultimately increase plant resistance. The metabolome acts as a metabolic fingerprint of the biochemical activities of a biological system under particular conditions, and therefore provides a functional readout of the cellular mechanisms involved. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to decipher the biochemical processes related to defence responses of oat plants inoculated with pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae (pathogenic and non-pathogenic on oat) and thereby identify signatory markers that are involved in host or nonhost defence responses. The strains were P. syringae pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c), P. syringae pv. tabaci, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the hrcC mutant of DC3000. At the seedling growth stage, metabolic alterations in the Dunnart oat cultivar (tolerant to Ps-c) in response to inoculation with the respective P. syringae pathovars were examined following perception and response assays. Following inoculation, plants were monitored for symptom development and harvested at 2-, 4- and 6 d.p.i. Methanolic leaf extracts were analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) connected to high-definition mass spectrometry. Chemometric modelling and multivariate statistical analysis indicated time-related metabolic reconfigurations that point to host and nonhost interactions in response to bacterial inoculation/infection. Metabolic profiles derived from further multivariate data analyses revealed a range of metabolite classes involved in the respective defence responses, including fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic acids and phenolic amides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The findings in this study allowed the elucidation of metabolic changes involved in oat defence responses to a range of pathovars of P. syringae and ultimately contribute to a more comprehensive view of the oat plant metabolism under biotic stress during host vs nonhost interactions.
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spelling doaj-art-68dbdf94ef914bc6b2bcd03cd6c9abba2025-02-09T05:30:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031122610.1371/journal.pone.0311226Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.Chanel J PretoriusPaul A SteenkampIan A DuberyOne of the most important characteristics of successful plant defence is the ability to rapidly identify potential threats in the surrounding environment. Plants rely on the perception of microbe-derived molecular pattern chemicals for this recognition, which initiates a number of induced defence reactions that ultimately increase plant resistance. The metabolome acts as a metabolic fingerprint of the biochemical activities of a biological system under particular conditions, and therefore provides a functional readout of the cellular mechanisms involved. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to decipher the biochemical processes related to defence responses of oat plants inoculated with pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae (pathogenic and non-pathogenic on oat) and thereby identify signatory markers that are involved in host or nonhost defence responses. The strains were P. syringae pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c), P. syringae pv. tabaci, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the hrcC mutant of DC3000. At the seedling growth stage, metabolic alterations in the Dunnart oat cultivar (tolerant to Ps-c) in response to inoculation with the respective P. syringae pathovars were examined following perception and response assays. Following inoculation, plants were monitored for symptom development and harvested at 2-, 4- and 6 d.p.i. Methanolic leaf extracts were analysed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) connected to high-definition mass spectrometry. Chemometric modelling and multivariate statistical analysis indicated time-related metabolic reconfigurations that point to host and nonhost interactions in response to bacterial inoculation/infection. Metabolic profiles derived from further multivariate data analyses revealed a range of metabolite classes involved in the respective defence responses, including fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic acids and phenolic amides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The findings in this study allowed the elucidation of metabolic changes involved in oat defence responses to a range of pathovars of P. syringae and ultimately contribute to a more comprehensive view of the oat plant metabolism under biotic stress during host vs nonhost interactions.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311226
spellingShingle Chanel J Pretorius
Paul A Steenkamp
Ian A Dubery
Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
PLoS ONE
title Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
title_full Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
title_fullStr Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
title_full_unstemmed Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
title_short Metabolome profiling dissects the oat (Avena sativa L.) innate immune response to Pseudomonas syringae pathovars.
title_sort metabolome profiling dissects the oat avena sativa l innate immune response to pseudomonas syringae pathovars
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311226
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AT paulasteenkamp metabolomeprofilingdissectstheoatavenasativalinnateimmuneresponsetopseudomonassyringaepathovars
AT ianadubery metabolomeprofilingdissectstheoatavenasativalinnateimmuneresponsetopseudomonassyringaepathovars