Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix

Due to the limited accuracy of experimental data, Mueller polarimetry can produce real 4×4 matrices that fail to meet required covariance or passivity conditions. A general and simple procedure to convert any real 4×4 matrix into a valid Mueller matrix by adding a portion of polarimetric white noise...

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Main Authors: José J. Gil, Ignacio San José
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Photonics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/230
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author José J. Gil
Ignacio San José
author_facet José J. Gil
Ignacio San José
author_sort José J. Gil
collection DOAJ
description Due to the limited accuracy of experimental data, Mueller polarimetry can produce real 4×4 matrices that fail to meet required covariance or passivity conditions. A general and simple procedure to convert any real 4×4 matrix into a valid Mueller matrix by adding a portion of polarimetric white noise is presented. This approach provides deeper insight into the structure of Mueller matrices and has a subtle relation to the effective component of the Mueller matrix, which is defined through the subtraction of the fully random component of the characteristic decomposition. Up to a scale coefficient determined by the third index of polarimetric purity of the original Mueller matrix, the effective component retains complete information on the polarimetric anisotropies.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-68c43d40c8a44552af36134ed86dc5102025-08-20T03:43:14ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-03-0112323010.3390/photonics12030230Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller MatrixJosé J. Gil0Ignacio San José1Photonic Technologies Group, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainInstituto Aragonés de Estadística, Gobierno de Aragón, Bernardino Ramazzini 5, 50015 Zaragoza, SpainDue to the limited accuracy of experimental data, Mueller polarimetry can produce real 4×4 matrices that fail to meet required covariance or passivity conditions. A general and simple procedure to convert any real 4×4 matrix into a valid Mueller matrix by adding a portion of polarimetric white noise is presented. This approach provides deeper insight into the structure of Mueller matrices and has a subtle relation to the effective component of the Mueller matrix, which is defined through the subtraction of the fully random component of the characteristic decomposition. Up to a scale coefficient determined by the third index of polarimetric purity of the original Mueller matrix, the effective component retains complete information on the polarimetric anisotropies.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/230Mueller matricesMueller polarimetryMueller filtering
spellingShingle José J. Gil
Ignacio San José
Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
Photonics
Mueller matrices
Mueller polarimetry
Mueller filtering
title Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
title_full Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
title_fullStr Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
title_full_unstemmed Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
title_short Mueller Matrix Associated with an Arbitrary 4×4 Real Matrix. The Effective Component of a Mueller Matrix
title_sort mueller matrix associated with an arbitrary 4 4 real matrix the effective component of a mueller matrix
topic Mueller matrices
Mueller polarimetry
Mueller filtering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/3/230
work_keys_str_mv AT josejgil muellermatrixassociatedwithanarbitrary44realmatrixtheeffectivecomponentofamuellermatrix
AT ignaciosanjose muellermatrixassociatedwithanarbitrary44realmatrixtheeffectivecomponentofamuellermatrix