CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes
Abstract Over the last few decades, digital and parametric modelling of buildings and cities on a large scale has demonstrated a growing trend. Moreover, these applications have underscored the need for a higher level of organization in managing built Cultural Heritage, which traditionally relies on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-05-01
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| Series: | City, Territory and Architecture |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-025-00259-7 |
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| author | Margherita Lasorella Elena Cantatore |
| author_facet | Margherita Lasorella Elena Cantatore |
| author_sort | Margherita Lasorella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Over the last few decades, digital and parametric modelling of buildings and cities on a large scale has demonstrated a growing trend. Moreover, these applications have underscored the need for a higher level of organization in managing built Cultural Heritage, which traditionally relies on well-structured methods and multidisciplinary skills. In light of this, the paper presents the results of a systematic review of the CityGML standard for designing architectural and built Cultural Heritage for recovery and maintenance. Specifically, the review focuses on CityGML-based models and their multi-dimensional extensibility (from the buildings to the territorial scale), considering different scales (based on geographical and spatial dimensions of built Cultural Heritage), fields of application (maintenance, conservation, risk assessment), ontological rules (whether new or pre-existing), and the integration of Decision Support Systems (e.g., automation of processes in assessing architectures and their systems, as well as the required interventions). Thanks to the use of the PRISMA-S checklist, the review involves a first sample of 196 scientific works, selecting 57 for the detailed analysis. The process has highlighted the extensive use of digital CityGML-based models for all scales of the built Cultural Heritage. However, the main objectives are cataloguing and systematizing technical knowledge at the building scale to solve the requirement of standardized information. Due to that, the use of ontologies integrated with standards supports the aim by varying thematic qualities and details of the contents, coherently with the fields of application. This extensibility is also reflected in the application of external rules providing structured logic for Cultural Heritage management and automatic or semi-automatic support for policymakers’ decisions in collaborative and multi-disciplinary digital environments. In this framework, experiences are finally discussed in terms of opportunities to use CityGML-based models to support traditional methods for the built Cultural Heritage into digital tools and platforms, exploring possible scenarios of future application fields. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68bc5d1d37a54b05994f992bbfdc35ec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2195-2701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | City, Territory and Architecture |
| spelling | doaj-art-68bc5d1d37a54b05994f992bbfdc35ec2025-08-20T03:48:15ZengSpringerOpenCity, Territory and Architecture2195-27012025-05-0112113510.1186/s40410-025-00259-7CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processesMargherita Lasorella0Elena Cantatore1Politecnico di BariPolitecnico di BariAbstract Over the last few decades, digital and parametric modelling of buildings and cities on a large scale has demonstrated a growing trend. Moreover, these applications have underscored the need for a higher level of organization in managing built Cultural Heritage, which traditionally relies on well-structured methods and multidisciplinary skills. In light of this, the paper presents the results of a systematic review of the CityGML standard for designing architectural and built Cultural Heritage for recovery and maintenance. Specifically, the review focuses on CityGML-based models and their multi-dimensional extensibility (from the buildings to the territorial scale), considering different scales (based on geographical and spatial dimensions of built Cultural Heritage), fields of application (maintenance, conservation, risk assessment), ontological rules (whether new or pre-existing), and the integration of Decision Support Systems (e.g., automation of processes in assessing architectures and their systems, as well as the required interventions). Thanks to the use of the PRISMA-S checklist, the review involves a first sample of 196 scientific works, selecting 57 for the detailed analysis. The process has highlighted the extensive use of digital CityGML-based models for all scales of the built Cultural Heritage. However, the main objectives are cataloguing and systematizing technical knowledge at the building scale to solve the requirement of standardized information. Due to that, the use of ontologies integrated with standards supports the aim by varying thematic qualities and details of the contents, coherently with the fields of application. This extensibility is also reflected in the application of external rules providing structured logic for Cultural Heritage management and automatic or semi-automatic support for policymakers’ decisions in collaborative and multi-disciplinary digital environments. In this framework, experiences are finally discussed in terms of opportunities to use CityGML-based models to support traditional methods for the built Cultural Heritage into digital tools and platforms, exploring possible scenarios of future application fields.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-025-00259-7Digital models3DcitymodelInformative systemConservationManagementPlanning activities |
| spellingShingle | Margherita Lasorella Elena Cantatore CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes City, Territory and Architecture Digital models 3Dcitymodel Informative system Conservation Management Planning activities |
| title | CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| title_full | CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| title_fullStr | CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| title_short | CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| title_sort | citygml based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage a systematic review towards digitalized processes |
| topic | Digital models 3Dcitymodel Informative system Conservation Management Planning activities |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-025-00259-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT margheritalasorella citygmlbasedmodelfortherecoveryandmanagementofbuiltculturalheritageasystematicreviewtowardsdigitalizedprocesses AT elenacantatore citygmlbasedmodelfortherecoveryandmanagementofbuiltculturalheritageasystematicreviewtowardsdigitalizedprocesses |