Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean

Abstract The baroclinic component of the sea surface height, referred to as steric height, is governed by geostrophically balanced motions and unbalanced internal waves, and thus is an essential indicator of ocean interior dynamics. Using yearlong measurements from a mooring array, we assess the dis...

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Main Authors: Xiujie Zhang, Xiaolong Yu, Aurélien L. Ponte, Wenping Gong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106480
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author Xiujie Zhang
Xiaolong Yu
Aurélien L. Ponte
Wenping Gong
author_facet Xiujie Zhang
Xiaolong Yu
Aurélien L. Ponte
Wenping Gong
author_sort Xiujie Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The baroclinic component of the sea surface height, referred to as steric height, is governed by geostrophically balanced motions and unbalanced internal waves, and thus is an essential indicator of ocean interior dynamics. Using yearlong measurements from a mooring array, we assess the distribution of upper‐ocean steric height across frequencies and spatial scales of O (1–20 km) in the northeast Atlantic. Temporal decomposition indicates that the two largest contributors to steric height variance are large‐scale atmospheric forcing (32.8%) and mesoscale eddies (34.1%), followed by submesoscale motions (15.2%), semidiurnal internal tides (8%), super‐tidal variability (6.1%) and near‐inertial motions (3.8%). Structure function diagnostics further reveal the seasonality and scale dependence of steric height variance. In winter, steric height is dominated by balanced motions across all resolved scales, whereas in summer, unbalanced internal waves become the leading‐order contributor to steric height at scales of O (1 km).
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publishDate 2024-03-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-6892f09cef384ae38b593fad5a181e1e2025-08-20T02:31:37ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-03-01516n/an/a10.1029/2023GL106480Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude OceanXiujie Zhang0Xiaolong Yu1Aurélien L. Ponte2Wenping Gong3School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai ChinaIfremer Université de Brest CNRS IRD Laboratoire D’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale IUEM Brest FranceSchool of Marine Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai ChinaAbstract The baroclinic component of the sea surface height, referred to as steric height, is governed by geostrophically balanced motions and unbalanced internal waves, and thus is an essential indicator of ocean interior dynamics. Using yearlong measurements from a mooring array, we assess the distribution of upper‐ocean steric height across frequencies and spatial scales of O (1–20 km) in the northeast Atlantic. Temporal decomposition indicates that the two largest contributors to steric height variance are large‐scale atmospheric forcing (32.8%) and mesoscale eddies (34.1%), followed by submesoscale motions (15.2%), semidiurnal internal tides (8%), super‐tidal variability (6.1%) and near‐inertial motions (3.8%). Structure function diagnostics further reveal the seasonality and scale dependence of steric height variance. In winter, steric height is dominated by balanced motions across all resolved scales, whereas in summer, unbalanced internal waves become the leading‐order contributor to steric height at scales of O (1 km).https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106480steric heightsubmesoscale motionsinternal wavesSWOT
spellingShingle Xiujie Zhang
Xiaolong Yu
Aurélien L. Ponte
Wenping Gong
Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
Geophysical Research Letters
steric height
submesoscale motions
internal waves
SWOT
title Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
title_full Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
title_fullStr Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
title_short Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
title_sort effects of balanced motions and unbalanced internal waves on steric height in the mid latitude ocean
topic steric height
submesoscale motions
internal waves
SWOT
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106480
work_keys_str_mv AT xiujiezhang effectsofbalancedmotionsandunbalancedinternalwavesonstericheightinthemidlatitudeocean
AT xiaolongyu effectsofbalancedmotionsandunbalancedinternalwavesonstericheightinthemidlatitudeocean
AT aurelienlponte effectsofbalancedmotionsandunbalancedinternalwavesonstericheightinthemidlatitudeocean
AT wenpinggong effectsofbalancedmotionsandunbalancedinternalwavesonstericheightinthemidlatitudeocean