Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples
Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) or adriamycin is a common anticancer drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Therefore, sensitive and reliable quantification of DOX is crucial for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes. In this study, both a spectrophotometric and a smartphone-based colorimetric method were...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| author | Elmira Behboudi Saeedeh Khadivi-Derakhshan Mahtab Pirouzmand Abolghasem Jouyban Jafar Soleymani |
| author_facet | Elmira Behboudi Saeedeh Khadivi-Derakhshan Mahtab Pirouzmand Abolghasem Jouyban Jafar Soleymani |
| author_sort | Elmira Behboudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) or adriamycin is a common anticancer drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Therefore, sensitive and reliable quantification of DOX is crucial for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes. In this study, both a spectrophotometric and a smartphone-based colorimetric method were fabricated to detect DOX in plasma samples. Both methods utilize polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped silver nanoplates, which undergo color with varying DOX concentrations. The colorimetric method offers significant beneficial features of fast detection time, simplicity, and the ability to be easily observed by the naked eye without any need for expensive instruments. The linear dynamic ranges are 0.25–5.0 µg/mL and 0.5–5.0 µg/mL, with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL for spectrophotometric and smartphone image analysis, respectively. The smartphone-based image analysis was performed using a smartphone application (PhotoMetrix), which relies on univariate calibration using the histograms of the RGB image. Using the smartphone camera, the image histograms were automatically generated and processed. The proposed probe can potentially be utilized to detect DOX in clinical samples with a mean accuracy and precision of 88.7% and 3.2%, respectively. The results demonstrated that these methods can accurately determine DOX concentrations in plasma samples, highlighting the potential of integrating digital imagery and smartphone applications with chemometric tools. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68906e2623c1459596ee304534dc4d4a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-68906e2623c1459596ee304534dc4d4a2025-08-20T01:47:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-98460-8Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samplesElmira Behboudi0Saeedeh Khadivi-Derakhshan1Mahtab Pirouzmand2Abolghasem Jouyban3Jafar Soleymani4Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of TabrizPharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesPharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Doxorubicin (DOX) or adriamycin is a common anticancer drug with a narrow therapeutic index. Therefore, sensitive and reliable quantification of DOX is crucial for therapeutic drug monitoring purposes. In this study, both a spectrophotometric and a smartphone-based colorimetric method were fabricated to detect DOX in plasma samples. Both methods utilize polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-capped silver nanoplates, which undergo color with varying DOX concentrations. The colorimetric method offers significant beneficial features of fast detection time, simplicity, and the ability to be easily observed by the naked eye without any need for expensive instruments. The linear dynamic ranges are 0.25–5.0 µg/mL and 0.5–5.0 µg/mL, with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL for spectrophotometric and smartphone image analysis, respectively. The smartphone-based image analysis was performed using a smartphone application (PhotoMetrix), which relies on univariate calibration using the histograms of the RGB image. Using the smartphone camera, the image histograms were automatically generated and processed. The proposed probe can potentially be utilized to detect DOX in clinical samples with a mean accuracy and precision of 88.7% and 3.2%, respectively. The results demonstrated that these methods can accurately determine DOX concentrations in plasma samples, highlighting the potential of integrating digital imagery and smartphone applications with chemometric tools.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98460-8Silver nanoparticlesBiomedical analysisColorimetryImage analysisDoxorubicin |
| spellingShingle | Elmira Behboudi Saeedeh Khadivi-Derakhshan Mahtab Pirouzmand Abolghasem Jouyban Jafar Soleymani Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples Scientific Reports Silver nanoparticles Biomedical analysis Colorimetry Image analysis Doxorubicin |
| title | Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| title_full | Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| title_fullStr | Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| title_short | Spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| title_sort | spectrophotometric and smartphone based colorimetric methods utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone capped silver nanoparticles for determining doxorubicin in human plasma samples |
| topic | Silver nanoparticles Biomedical analysis Colorimetry Image analysis Doxorubicin |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98460-8 |
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