Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of developing MetS due to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine profiles, and the effe...

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Main Authors: Khushbu Viresh Janani, Parsa Saberian, Hardik B. Patel, Narsimha Rao Keetha, Ardalan Etemadzadeh, Anya Patel, Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Anoop Gurram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00860-z
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author Khushbu Viresh Janani
Parsa Saberian
Hardik B. Patel
Narsimha Rao Keetha
Ardalan Etemadzadeh
Anya Patel
Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi
Ehsan Amini-Salehi
Anoop Gurram
author_facet Khushbu Viresh Janani
Parsa Saberian
Hardik B. Patel
Narsimha Rao Keetha
Ardalan Etemadzadeh
Anya Patel
Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi
Ehsan Amini-Salehi
Anoop Gurram
author_sort Khushbu Viresh Janani
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of developing MetS due to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine profiles, and the effects of corticosteroid treatment. However, the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients remains inconsistent across studies. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients and compare its occurrence between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception up to January 19, 2025. Eligible observational studies reporting MetS prevalence in IBD patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, version 4.0 was used for analysis. Results The pooled prevalence of MetS in IBD patients was 21.8% (95% CI: 14.3–31.6%). The prevalence was higher in UC patients (32.7%, 95% CI: 16.0–55.5%) compared to CD patients (14.1%, 95% CI: 8.6–22.3%). Patients with UC had significantly higher odds of MetS than those with CD (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03–1.85, P = 0.02). Additionally, IBD patients with MetS were significantly older than those without (MD: 9.89, 95% CI: 5.12–14.67, P < 0.01). Conclusion In summary, this meta-analysis reveals a notable prevalence of MetS among patients with IBD, particularly in those with UC, where the prevalence is higher than in CD. The analysis also shows that IBD patients with MetS tend to be older, suggesting age as a contributing factor. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic screening in IBD care, especially in UC and elderly patients.
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spelling doaj-art-688bac8b9be9404cba4ff08aac4ab8d02025-08-20T02:12:02ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-04-0144111510.1186/s41043-025-00860-zPrevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scaleKhushbu Viresh Janani0Parsa Saberian1Hardik B. Patel2Narsimha Rao Keetha3Ardalan Etemadzadeh4Anya PatelSeyyed Mohammad Hashemi5Ehsan Amini-Salehi6Anoop Gurram7Soundview Medical Associates, Department of Internal Medicine, Hartford HealthcareCardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health Bridgeport HospitalOhio Kidney and Hypertension CenterCardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesCardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesGastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland ClinicAbstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk of developing MetS due to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine profiles, and the effects of corticosteroid treatment. However, the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients remains inconsistent across studies. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of MetS in IBD patients and compare its occurrence between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science from their inception up to January 19, 2025. Eligible observational studies reporting MetS prevalence in IBD patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via the I² statistic. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, version 4.0 was used for analysis. Results The pooled prevalence of MetS in IBD patients was 21.8% (95% CI: 14.3–31.6%). The prevalence was higher in UC patients (32.7%, 95% CI: 16.0–55.5%) compared to CD patients (14.1%, 95% CI: 8.6–22.3%). Patients with UC had significantly higher odds of MetS than those with CD (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.03–1.85, P = 0.02). Additionally, IBD patients with MetS were significantly older than those without (MD: 9.89, 95% CI: 5.12–14.67, P < 0.01). Conclusion In summary, this meta-analysis reveals a notable prevalence of MetS among patients with IBD, particularly in those with UC, where the prevalence is higher than in CD. The analysis also shows that IBD patients with MetS tend to be older, suggesting age as a contributing factor. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic screening in IBD care, especially in UC and elderly patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00860-zInflammatory bowel diseaseMetabolic syndromeCrohn’s diseaseUlcerative colitisMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Khushbu Viresh Janani
Parsa Saberian
Hardik B. Patel
Narsimha Rao Keetha
Ardalan Etemadzadeh
Anya Patel
Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi
Ehsan Amini-Salehi
Anoop Gurram
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Inflammatory bowel disease
Metabolic syndrome
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Meta-analysis
title Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
title_full Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
title_fullStr Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
title_short Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis on a global scale
title_sort prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease a meta analysis on a global scale
topic Inflammatory bowel disease
Metabolic syndrome
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Meta-analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00860-z
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