Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances
Abstract Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y |
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| author | Stephan Kuschel Phay J. Ho Andre Al Haddad Felix F. Zimmermann Leonie Flueckiger Matthew R. Ware Joseph Duris James P. MacArthur Alberto Lutman Ming-Fu Lin Xiang Li Kazutaka Nakahara Jeff W. Aldrich Peter Walter Linda Young Christoph Bostedt Agostino Marinelli Tais Gorkhover |
| author_facet | Stephan Kuschel Phay J. Ho Andre Al Haddad Felix F. Zimmermann Leonie Flueckiger Matthew R. Ware Joseph Duris James P. MacArthur Alberto Lutman Ming-Fu Lin Xiang Li Kazutaka Nakahara Jeff W. Aldrich Peter Walter Linda Young Christoph Bostedt Agostino Marinelli Tais Gorkhover |
| author_sort | Stephan Kuschel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-687bf01bad914397a26d68098d21af4d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-687bf01bad914397a26d68098d21af4d2025-01-26T12:42:12ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-011611810.1038/s41467-025-56046-yNon-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonancesStephan Kuschel0Phay J. Ho1Andre Al Haddad2Felix F. Zimmermann3Leonie Flueckiger4Matthew R. Ware5Joseph Duris6James P. MacArthur7Alberto Lutman8Ming-Fu Lin9Xiang Li10Kazutaka Nakahara11Jeff W. Aldrich12Peter Walter13Linda Young14Christoph Bostedt15Agostino Marinelli16Tais Gorkhover17SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE InstituteChemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National LaboratoryChemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE InstituteLa Trobe UniversitySLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE InstituteSLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryChemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National LaboratoryChemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator LaboratorySLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE InstituteAbstract Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal. Bleaching effects from photo-ionization significantly restrain image brightness scaling. We find that non-linear transient ion resonances can overcome this barrier if X-ray laser pulses are shorter than in most experiments. We compared snapshots from individual ≈ 100 nm Xe nanoparticles as a function of pulse duration and incoming X-ray fluence. Our experimental results and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that transient resonances can increase ionic scattering cross sections significantly beyond literature values. This provides a novel avenue towards substantial improvement of the spatial resolution in CDI in combination with sub-femtosecond temporal precision at the nanoscale.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y |
| spellingShingle | Stephan Kuschel Phay J. Ho Andre Al Haddad Felix F. Zimmermann Leonie Flueckiger Matthew R. Ware Joseph Duris James P. MacArthur Alberto Lutman Ming-Fu Lin Xiang Li Kazutaka Nakahara Jeff W. Aldrich Peter Walter Linda Young Christoph Bostedt Agostino Marinelli Tais Gorkhover Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances Nature Communications |
| title | Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| title_full | Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| title_fullStr | Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| title_short | Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| title_sort | non linear enhancement of ultrafast x ray diffraction through transient resonances |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56046-y |
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