Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review

Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of surfactant in the lung's alveoli, as a result of malfunction in the cleaning function of alveolar macrophages. The major symptoms include cough and dyspnea. Computed tomography scan usually reveals...

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Main Authors: yasaman Sajadi, Simin Moudi, Ehsan Chogan, Mahmood Monadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Babol University of Medical Sciences 2025-03-01
Series:Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:http://caspjim.com/article-1-4397-en.pdf
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author yasaman Sajadi
Simin Moudi
Ehsan Chogan
Mahmood Monadi
author_facet yasaman Sajadi
Simin Moudi
Ehsan Chogan
Mahmood Monadi
author_sort yasaman Sajadi
collection DOAJ
description Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of surfactant in the lung's alveoli, as a result of malfunction in the cleaning function of alveolar macrophages. The major symptoms include cough and dyspnea. Computed tomography scan usually reveals crazy-paving pattern. Lung biopsy confirms the diagnosis by showing accumulations of periodic acid-schiff-positive lipoproteinaceous materials. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a middle-age man with progressive dyspnea on exertion, and frequent cough with no noteworthy medical history. The results of initial examinations and laboratory tests were non-diagnostic, so imaging studies were requested for the patient. After imaging and suspecting PAP as a differential diagnosis due to results of high resolution computed tomography, a transbronchial biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Then, according to the histopathology reports, the diagnosis of PAP was made. During the biopsy procedure, the patient developed pneumothorax, and accurate treatment approaches were considered for this complication. Conclusions: In patients with chronic progressive dyspnea and cough, appropriate and timely imaging and other paraclinic investigations must be considered by the physicians.
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spelling doaj-art-686e656eb6754aa3aae7789151ddcfa92025-08-20T02:25:37ZengBabol University of Medical SciencesCaspian Journal of Internal Medicine2008-61642008-61722025-03-01162362368Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature reviewyasaman Sajadi0Simin Moudi1Ehsan Chogan2Mahmood Monadi3 Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,IR.Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol, Iran Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,IR.Iran Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol,IR.Iran.Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,IR.Iran Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of surfactant in the lung's alveoli, as a result of malfunction in the cleaning function of alveolar macrophages. The major symptoms include cough and dyspnea. Computed tomography scan usually reveals crazy-paving pattern. Lung biopsy confirms the diagnosis by showing accumulations of periodic acid-schiff-positive lipoproteinaceous materials. Case Presentation: In this report, we present a middle-age man with progressive dyspnea on exertion, and frequent cough with no noteworthy medical history. The results of initial examinations and laboratory tests were non-diagnostic, so imaging studies were requested for the patient. After imaging and suspecting PAP as a differential diagnosis due to results of high resolution computed tomography, a transbronchial biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Then, according to the histopathology reports, the diagnosis of PAP was made. During the biopsy procedure, the patient developed pneumothorax, and accurate treatment approaches were considered for this complication. Conclusions: In patients with chronic progressive dyspnea and cough, appropriate and timely imaging and other paraclinic investigations must be considered by the physicians.http://caspjim.com/article-1-4397-en.pdfpulmonary alveolar proteinosisbiopsysurfactant
spellingShingle yasaman Sajadi
Simin Moudi
Ehsan Chogan
Mahmood Monadi
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
biopsy
surfactant
title Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
title_full Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
title_fullStr Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
title_full_unstemmed Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
title_short Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report and literature review
title_sort pulmonary alveolar proteinosis a case report and literature review
topic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
biopsy
surfactant
url http://caspjim.com/article-1-4397-en.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT yasamansajadi pulmonaryalveolarproteinosisacasereportandliteraturereview
AT siminmoudi pulmonaryalveolarproteinosisacasereportandliteraturereview
AT ehsanchogan pulmonaryalveolarproteinosisacasereportandliteraturereview
AT mahmoodmonadi pulmonaryalveolarproteinosisacasereportandliteraturereview