Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science
Abstract Introduction Meta-analyses on breast cancer determinants in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), often produce fragmented, context-specific findings. This umbrella review provides a consolidated synthesis to identify consistent risk fact...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14499-w |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849334536962310144 |
|---|---|
| author | Mitiku Bonsa Debela Kebebe Bekele Gonfa Mohammedaman Mama Hussen Demisu Zenbaba Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay Besufekad Mulugeta Muhammad Hoque Chalchisa Abdeta |
| author_facet | Mitiku Bonsa Debela Kebebe Bekele Gonfa Mohammedaman Mama Hussen Demisu Zenbaba Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay Besufekad Mulugeta Muhammad Hoque Chalchisa Abdeta |
| author_sort | Mitiku Bonsa Debela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Meta-analyses on breast cancer determinants in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), often produce fragmented, context-specific findings. This umbrella review provides a consolidated synthesis to identify consistent risk factors and strengthen the evidence base for guiding targeted public health strategies. Methods and materials In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search for meta-analyses across multiple databases. Study quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) tool. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14, applying a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Forest plots were used to visualize determinants. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger’s test, while heterogeneity was evaluated using the I-squared (I²) statistic and Galbraith plots. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess small-study effects. Results Out of 1,515 publications reviewed, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Eight determinants of breast cancer showed convincing evidence under the random-effects model: being overweight (POR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), oral contraceptive use (POR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11–1.27), family history of breast cancer (POR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.84–2.67), age ≥ 40 years (POR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.60–2.05), smoking history (POR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), exposure to air pollution (POR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), higher fruit and vegetable consumption (POR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.92), and history of night work (POR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25). Conclusions This umbrella review identified eight key breast cancer risk factors. Non-modifiable factors like age ≥ 40 and family history, along with modifiable factors such as overweight, smoking, oral contraceptive use, air pollution, and night shift work, increased the odds of breast cancer. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake was linked to reduced odds, suggesting a protective effect. We recommend that public health strategies promote healthy lifestyles and target high-risk groups through early screening and awareness campaigns, using evidence-based interventions to reduce the breast cancer burden. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-685b13867ce8498cac8036dffcd5fe5d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-685b13867ce8498cac8036dffcd5fe5d2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-07-0125111610.1186/s12885-025-14499-wBreast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation scienceMitiku Bonsa Debela0Kebebe Bekele Gonfa1Mohammedaman Mama Hussen2Demisu Zenbaba3Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay4Besufekad Mulugeta5Muhammad Hoque6Chalchisa Abdeta7Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu UniversityGoba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu UniversityGoba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu UniversityGoba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu UniversitySchool of Public health, College of health sciences, Mekelle UniversityMathiwos Wondu-YeEthiopia cancer societiesDepartments of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityEarly start, University of WollongongAbstract Introduction Meta-analyses on breast cancer determinants in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), often produce fragmented, context-specific findings. This umbrella review provides a consolidated synthesis to identify consistent risk factors and strengthen the evidence base for guiding targeted public health strategies. Methods and materials In accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search for meta-analyses across multiple databases. Study quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) tool. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14, applying a random-effects model to estimate pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Forest plots were used to visualize determinants. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots and Egger’s test, while heterogeneity was evaluated using the I-squared (I²) statistic and Galbraith plots. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess small-study effects. Results Out of 1,515 publications reviewed, 35 met the inclusion criteria. Eight determinants of breast cancer showed convincing evidence under the random-effects model: being overweight (POR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), oral contraceptive use (POR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11–1.27), family history of breast cancer (POR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.84–2.67), age ≥ 40 years (POR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.60–2.05), smoking history (POR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), exposure to air pollution (POR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), higher fruit and vegetable consumption (POR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.92), and history of night work (POR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25). Conclusions This umbrella review identified eight key breast cancer risk factors. Non-modifiable factors like age ≥ 40 and family history, along with modifiable factors such as overweight, smoking, oral contraceptive use, air pollution, and night shift work, increased the odds of breast cancer. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake was linked to reduced odds, suggesting a protective effect. We recommend that public health strategies promote healthy lifestyles and target high-risk groups through early screening and awareness campaigns, using evidence-based interventions to reduce the breast cancer burden.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14499-wBreast cancerDeterminantsLow- and middle-income countriesUpper-middle-income countriesUmbrella review |
| spellingShingle | Mitiku Bonsa Debela Kebebe Bekele Gonfa Mohammedaman Mama Hussen Demisu Zenbaba Alemayehu Bayray Kahsay Besufekad Mulugeta Muhammad Hoque Chalchisa Abdeta Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science BMC Cancer Breast cancer Determinants Low- and middle-income countries Upper-middle-income countries Umbrella review |
| title | Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| title_full | Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| title_fullStr | Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| title_short | Breast cancer determinants in low- to upper-middle-income countries: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| title_sort | breast cancer determinants in low to upper middle income countries an umbrella review of meta analyses of observational studies and an urgent call for implementation science |
| topic | Breast cancer Determinants Low- and middle-income countries Upper-middle-income countries Umbrella review |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14499-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mitikubonsadebela breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT kebebebekelegonfa breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT mohammedamanmamahussen breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT demisuzenbaba breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT alemayehubayraykahsay breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT besufekadmulugeta breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT muhammadhoque breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience AT chalchisaabdeta breastcancerdeterminantsinlowtouppermiddleincomecountriesanumbrellareviewofmetaanalysesofobservationalstudiesandanurgentcallforimplementationscience |