Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation

Abstract Open biomass burning has major impacts on the Earth system, including on air quality via the emission of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Its effect on secondary inorganic PM2.5 formation is comparatively little investigated. Simulations with the EMEP MSC-W WRF atmospheric chemistry...

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Main Authors: Damaris Y. T. Tan, Mathew R. Heal, Massimo Vieno, David S. Stevenson, Stefan Reis, Eiko Nemitz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01150-5
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author Damaris Y. T. Tan
Mathew R. Heal
Massimo Vieno
David S. Stevenson
Stefan Reis
Eiko Nemitz
author_facet Damaris Y. T. Tan
Mathew R. Heal
Massimo Vieno
David S. Stevenson
Stefan Reis
Eiko Nemitz
author_sort Damaris Y. T. Tan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Open biomass burning has major impacts on the Earth system, including on air quality via the emission of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Its effect on secondary inorganic PM2.5 formation is comparatively little investigated. Simulations with the EMEP MSC-W WRF atmospheric chemistry transport model reveal that global biomass burning emissions lead to elevated annual mean ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) concentrations in densely populated regions where biomass burning mostly does not occur. These regions include eastern USA, northwestern Europe, the Indo-Gangetic Plain and eastern China, where NH4NO3 conditional on biomass burning emissions constitutes between 29% and 51% of the annual mean PM2.5 conditional on biomass burning emissions. Biomass burning emissions of CO, NO x (NO and NO2) and volatile organic compounds perturb the HO x (OH and HO2) cycle globally, such that there is increased oxidation of anthropogenic NO x to HNO3. This results in additional contributions to local-scale secondary NH4NO3 in areas with high emissions of anthropogenic NO x and NH3. These teleconnections increase, by up to a factor of two, the contribution of biomass burning emissions to long-term PM2.5 concentrations, which measurements alone cannot identify as an impact of biomass burning activity. This may become relatively more important as anthropogenic sources of PM2.5 are reduced and as the wildfire component of biomass burning increases under climate change.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2397-3722
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-684c0f1eccee45e3b188e99f47e44c922025-08-20T03:42:27ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-07-01811810.1038/s41612-025-01150-5Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formationDamaris Y. T. Tan0Mathew R. Heal1Massimo Vieno2David S. Stevenson3Stefan Reis4Eiko Nemitz5UK Centre for Ecology & HydrologySchool of Chemistry, University of EdinburghUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologySchool of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyUK Centre for Ecology & HydrologyAbstract Open biomass burning has major impacts on the Earth system, including on air quality via the emission of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Its effect on secondary inorganic PM2.5 formation is comparatively little investigated. Simulations with the EMEP MSC-W WRF atmospheric chemistry transport model reveal that global biomass burning emissions lead to elevated annual mean ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) concentrations in densely populated regions where biomass burning mostly does not occur. These regions include eastern USA, northwestern Europe, the Indo-Gangetic Plain and eastern China, where NH4NO3 conditional on biomass burning emissions constitutes between 29% and 51% of the annual mean PM2.5 conditional on biomass burning emissions. Biomass burning emissions of CO, NO x (NO and NO2) and volatile organic compounds perturb the HO x (OH and HO2) cycle globally, such that there is increased oxidation of anthropogenic NO x to HNO3. This results in additional contributions to local-scale secondary NH4NO3 in areas with high emissions of anthropogenic NO x and NH3. These teleconnections increase, by up to a factor of two, the contribution of biomass burning emissions to long-term PM2.5 concentrations, which measurements alone cannot identify as an impact of biomass burning activity. This may become relatively more important as anthropogenic sources of PM2.5 are reduced and as the wildfire component of biomass burning increases under climate change.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01150-5
spellingShingle Damaris Y. T. Tan
Mathew R. Heal
Massimo Vieno
David S. Stevenson
Stefan Reis
Eiko Nemitz
Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
title_full Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
title_fullStr Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
title_full_unstemmed Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
title_short Changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
title_sort changes in atmospheric oxidants teleconnect biomass burning and ammonium nitrate formation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01150-5
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AT davidsstevenson changesinatmosphericoxidantsteleconnectbiomassburningandammoniumnitrateformation
AT stefanreis changesinatmosphericoxidantsteleconnectbiomassburningandammoniumnitrateformation
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