Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study

IntroductionCaregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population, ther...

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Main Authors: Ravi Shankar, Anjali Bundele, Amanda Yap, Amartya Mukhopadhyay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1553494/full
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author Ravi Shankar
Anjali Bundele
Amanda Yap
Amartya Mukhopadhyay
author_facet Ravi Shankar
Anjali Bundele
Amanda Yap
Amartya Mukhopadhyay
author_sort Ravi Shankar
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionCaregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population, there is an urgent need for accessible and scalable solutions to detect and address caregiver burden. Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots using natural language processing (NLP) have shown promise in providing mental health support and monitoring through natural conversations. This study will contribute to research and clinical practice by: (1) validating a novel approach for early detection of caregiver burden through NLP, (2) analyzing the feasibility of AI-powered chatbots for continuous caregiver monitoring, and (3) informing the development of scalable, accessible tools to identify at-risk caregivers.Methods and analysisThis protocol for the mixed methods aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of BOTANIC (Burden Observation and Timely Aid for Navigating Informal Caregiving), an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden. A single-center validation study will be conducted at Alexandra Hospital, Singapore. Twenty primary caregivers of ESKD patients will be recruited to use BOTANIC for 12 weeks. BOTANIC, developed using Python and open-source libraries, will integrate with Telegram and utilize advanced NLP techniques to analyze caregiver conversations and detect signs of burden. The NLP algorithm will analyze conversations to generate burden scores at baseline and at 12 weeks. Participants will also complete baseline and 12-week assessments using validated questionnaires including the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Primary outcomes include concordance between caregiver burden levels detected by the NLP algorithm and validated assessment scores at both timepoints. Secondary outcomes include user engagement metrics and system satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experiences with the chatbot. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests such as paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences, and used to inform the development of larger-scale trials of AI-powered caregiver support interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-6835e8270b2f4cdf8612f79cdfb41fd52025-08-20T02:55:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-02-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15534941553494Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility studyRavi Shankar0Anjali Bundele1Amanda Yap2Amartya Mukhopadhyay3Research and Innovation, Medical Affairs, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeResearch and Innovation, Medical Affairs, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeResearch and Innovation, Medical Affairs, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeIntroductionCaregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their physical, psychological, social, and financial well-being. With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and an aging population, there is an urgent need for accessible and scalable solutions to detect and address caregiver burden. Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots using natural language processing (NLP) have shown promise in providing mental health support and monitoring through natural conversations. This study will contribute to research and clinical practice by: (1) validating a novel approach for early detection of caregiver burden through NLP, (2) analyzing the feasibility of AI-powered chatbots for continuous caregiver monitoring, and (3) informing the development of scalable, accessible tools to identify at-risk caregivers.Methods and analysisThis protocol for the mixed methods aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of BOTANIC (Burden Observation and Timely Aid for Navigating Informal Caregiving), an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden. A single-center validation study will be conducted at Alexandra Hospital, Singapore. Twenty primary caregivers of ESKD patients will be recruited to use BOTANIC for 12 weeks. BOTANIC, developed using Python and open-source libraries, will integrate with Telegram and utilize advanced NLP techniques to analyze caregiver conversations and detect signs of burden. The NLP algorithm will analyze conversations to generate burden scores at baseline and at 12 weeks. Participants will also complete baseline and 12-week assessments using validated questionnaires including the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Primary outcomes include concordance between caregiver burden levels detected by the NLP algorithm and validated assessment scores at both timepoints. Secondary outcomes include user engagement metrics and system satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants’ experiences with the chatbot. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests such as paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences, and used to inform the development of larger-scale trials of AI-powered caregiver support interventions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1553494/fullcaregiver burdenartificial intelligencechatbotnatural language processingchronic conditionsfeasibility study
spellingShingle Ravi Shankar
Anjali Bundele
Amanda Yap
Amartya Mukhopadhyay
Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
Frontiers in Psychiatry
caregiver burden
artificial intelligence
chatbot
natural language processing
chronic conditions
feasibility study
title Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
title_full Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
title_fullStr Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
title_full_unstemmed Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
title_short Development and feasibility testing of an AI-powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden: protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
title_sort development and feasibility testing of an ai powered chatbot for early detection of caregiver burden protocol for a mixed methods feasibility study
topic caregiver burden
artificial intelligence
chatbot
natural language processing
chronic conditions
feasibility study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1553494/full
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