Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste
Over the last decades, concrete has been excessively prone to cracks resulting from shrinkage. These dimensional changes can be affected by the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials. This work used olive waste ash (OWA), which could substantially tackle this problem and achieve susta...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Infrastructures |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/11/193 |
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| author | Safa Ghazzawi Hassan Ghanem Jamal Khatib Samer El Zahab Adel Elkordi |
| author_facet | Safa Ghazzawi Hassan Ghanem Jamal Khatib Samer El Zahab Adel Elkordi |
| author_sort | Safa Ghazzawi |
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| description | Over the last decades, concrete has been excessively prone to cracks resulting from shrinkage. These dimensional changes can be affected by the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials. This work used olive waste ash (OWA), which could substantially tackle this problem and achieve sustainability goals. For this issue, five cement paste mixes were prepared by replacing cement with OWA at different percentages varying from 0 to 20% by weight with a constant increment of 5%. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.45 for all mixes. Compressive strength and flexural strength were investigated at 7, 28, and 90 days. In addition, three shrinkage tests (drying, autogenous, and chemical) and expansion tests were also conducted for each mix and measured during 90 days of curing. The experimental findings indicated that there was a loss in compressive and flexural strength in the existence of OWA. Among all mixes containing OWA, the samples incorporating 10% OWA exhibited maximum strength values. Furthermore, the chemical and autogenous shrinkage decreased with the incorporation of OWA. However, the drying shrinkage decreased at lower levels of substitutions and increased at higher replacement levels. In addition, there was a growth in expansion rates for up to 10% of OWA content, followed by a decrease at higher levels (beyond 10%). Additionally, correlations between these volumetric stability tests were performed. It was shown that a positive linear correlation existed between chemical shrinkage and autogenous and drying shrinkage; however, there was a negative relationship between chemical shrinkage and expansion. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68336f104837435792ee09a0f605d5b5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2412-3811 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Infrastructures |
| spelling | doaj-art-68336f104837435792ee09a0f605d5b52025-08-20T02:28:07ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112024-10-0191119310.3390/infrastructures9110193Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement PasteSafa Ghazzawi0Hassan Ghanem1Jamal Khatib2Samer El Zahab3Adel Elkordi4Faculty of Engineering, Beirut Arab University, 12-5020 Beirut, LebanonFaculty of Engineering, Beirut Arab University, 12-5020 Beirut, LebanonFaculty of Engineering, Beirut Arab University, 12-5020 Beirut, LebanonCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, KuwaitFaculty of Engineering, Beirut Arab University, 12-5020 Beirut, LebanonOver the last decades, concrete has been excessively prone to cracks resulting from shrinkage. These dimensional changes can be affected by the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials. This work used olive waste ash (OWA), which could substantially tackle this problem and achieve sustainability goals. For this issue, five cement paste mixes were prepared by replacing cement with OWA at different percentages varying from 0 to 20% by weight with a constant increment of 5%. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.45 for all mixes. Compressive strength and flexural strength were investigated at 7, 28, and 90 days. In addition, three shrinkage tests (drying, autogenous, and chemical) and expansion tests were also conducted for each mix and measured during 90 days of curing. The experimental findings indicated that there was a loss in compressive and flexural strength in the existence of OWA. Among all mixes containing OWA, the samples incorporating 10% OWA exhibited maximum strength values. Furthermore, the chemical and autogenous shrinkage decreased with the incorporation of OWA. However, the drying shrinkage decreased at lower levels of substitutions and increased at higher replacement levels. In addition, there was a growth in expansion rates for up to 10% of OWA content, followed by a decrease at higher levels (beyond 10%). Additionally, correlations between these volumetric stability tests were performed. It was shown that a positive linear correlation existed between chemical shrinkage and autogenous and drying shrinkage; however, there was a negative relationship between chemical shrinkage and expansion.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/11/193cement pasteolive waste ashchemical shrinkageautogenous shrinkagedrying shrinkageexpansion |
| spellingShingle | Safa Ghazzawi Hassan Ghanem Jamal Khatib Samer El Zahab Adel Elkordi Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste Infrastructures cement paste olive waste ash chemical shrinkage autogenous shrinkage drying shrinkage expansion |
| title | Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste |
| title_full | Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste |
| title_short | Effect of Olive Waste Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Volume Stability of Cement Paste |
| title_sort | effect of olive waste ash as a partial replacement of cement on the volume stability of cement paste |
| topic | cement paste olive waste ash chemical shrinkage autogenous shrinkage drying shrinkage expansion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/9/11/193 |
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