A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD)
Grażyna Puto,1 Anna Wadelska-Kaczmarek,2 Marta Muszalik3 1Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Master of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Geriatr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dove Medical Press
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/a-psychometric-analysis-of-the-polish-online-version-of-the-aging-sema-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832570210864857088 |
|---|---|
| author | Puto G Wadelska-Kaczmarek A Muszalik M |
| author_facet | Puto G Wadelska-Kaczmarek A Muszalik M |
| author_sort | Puto G |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grażyna Puto,1 Anna Wadelska-Kaczmarek,2 Marta Muszalik3 1Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Master of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, PolandCorrespondence: Grażyna Puto, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 25 Street, Krakow, 31-501, Poland, Tel +48 12 422 5209, Email grazyna.puto@uj.edu.plBackground: Nursing students will become professionals providing direct care to an aging population in the future. Given that students’ attitudes evolve during their studies, an important element of medical education should be addressing the issue of ageism, verifying false beliefs, promoting the subjectivity as well as individuality of older people in the education process. The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometrics of the Polish online version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD).Methods: The study was conducted among 384 students of bachelor’s and master’s degree studies in nursing (94.3%) and other medical disciplines: midwifery and emergency medical services (5.7%). Theoretical validity of the scale was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) with Oblimin rotation with delta parameter equal to 0 and Kaiser normalization. Discriminant validity of the obtained factors was calculated using the AVE (Average Shared Squared Variance) and MSV (Maximum Shared Squared Variance) parameters. Reliability of the scale was assessed by determining the internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.Results: A four-factor model was extracted from the analysis. The validity of the analysis was confirmed by the KMO value = 0.88 and a significant statistical result for Bartlett’s sphericity test: χ2(171) = 2601.34; p < 0.001. The model explained 56.20% of the variance in total. The reliability level of each factor reached a satisfactory level (α > 0.7). Factor loadings ranged from 0.57– 0.81 for the first factor (Independence), 0.50– 0.76 for the second factor (Consistency), − 0.54 to − 0.77 for the third factor (Attitude towards others), and − 0.66 to 0.80 for the fourth factor (Charisma).Conclusion: The study contributes to the cross-cultural validation of the ASD scale. We obtained a shorter version than the original ASD scale through statistical calculations. The shorter version of the ASD scale is easier and faster to administer. The scale can be reliably used by researchers and practitioners in disciplines other than nursing.Keywords: ageist attitudes, psychometric properties, validity, reliability, nursing students |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-682840431b4048e0aefd8efa080ec637 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1178-2390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj-art-682840431b4048e0aefd8efa080ec6372025-02-02T15:59:40ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare1178-23902025-01-01Volume 1854956199779A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD)Puto GWadelska-Kaczmarek AMuszalik MGrażyna Puto,1 Anna Wadelska-Kaczmarek,2 Marta Muszalik3 1Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 2Master of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland; 3Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, PolandCorrespondence: Grażyna Puto, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 25 Street, Krakow, 31-501, Poland, Tel +48 12 422 5209, Email grazyna.puto@uj.edu.plBackground: Nursing students will become professionals providing direct care to an aging population in the future. Given that students’ attitudes evolve during their studies, an important element of medical education should be addressing the issue of ageism, verifying false beliefs, promoting the subjectivity as well as individuality of older people in the education process. The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometrics of the Polish online version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD).Methods: The study was conducted among 384 students of bachelor’s and master’s degree studies in nursing (94.3%) and other medical disciplines: midwifery and emergency medical services (5.7%). Theoretical validity of the scale was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) with Oblimin rotation with delta parameter equal to 0 and Kaiser normalization. Discriminant validity of the obtained factors was calculated using the AVE (Average Shared Squared Variance) and MSV (Maximum Shared Squared Variance) parameters. Reliability of the scale was assessed by determining the internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient.Results: A four-factor model was extracted from the analysis. The validity of the analysis was confirmed by the KMO value = 0.88 and a significant statistical result for Bartlett’s sphericity test: χ2(171) = 2601.34; p < 0.001. The model explained 56.20% of the variance in total. The reliability level of each factor reached a satisfactory level (α > 0.7). Factor loadings ranged from 0.57– 0.81 for the first factor (Independence), 0.50– 0.76 for the second factor (Consistency), − 0.54 to − 0.77 for the third factor (Attitude towards others), and − 0.66 to 0.80 for the fourth factor (Charisma).Conclusion: The study contributes to the cross-cultural validation of the ASD scale. We obtained a shorter version than the original ASD scale through statistical calculations. The shorter version of the ASD scale is easier and faster to administer. The scale can be reliably used by researchers and practitioners in disciplines other than nursing.Keywords: ageist attitudes, psychometric properties, validity, reliability, nursing studentshttps://www.dovepress.com/a-psychometric-analysis-of-the-polish-online-version-of-the-aging-sema-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDHageist attitudespsychometric propertiesvalidityreliabilitynursing students |
| spellingShingle | Puto G Wadelska-Kaczmarek A Muszalik M A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare ageist attitudes psychometric properties validity reliability nursing students |
| title | A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) |
| title_full | A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) |
| title_fullStr | A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) |
| title_short | A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD) |
| title_sort | psychometric analysis of the polish online version of the aging semantic differential scale asd |
| topic | ageist attitudes psychometric properties validity reliability nursing students |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/a-psychometric-analysis-of-the-polish-online-version-of-the-aging-sema-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JMDH |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT putog apsychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd AT wadelskakaczmareka apsychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd AT muszalikm apsychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd AT putog psychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd AT wadelskakaczmareka psychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd AT muszalikm psychometricanalysisofthepolishonlineversionoftheagingsemanticdifferentialscaleasd |