Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities
Mid-sized cities in developing cities face increasing demand to modernize their public transit (PT) systems to advance sustainability, equity, and resilience. Many of these cities remain dependent on informal transit modes such as minibuses, privately owned taxis, and shared vans which, despite the...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Koya University
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/2185 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849705482465312768 |
|---|---|
| author | Hasan Shahab Hemin Mohammed |
| author_facet | Hasan Shahab Hemin Mohammed |
| author_sort | Hasan Shahab |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Mid-sized cities in developing cities face increasing demand to modernize their public transit (PT) systems to advance sustainability, equity, and resilience. Many of these cities remain dependent on informal transit modes such as minibuses, privately owned taxis, and shared vans which, despite their flexibility, often lead to operational inefficiencies, safety risks, and limited accessibility. This review examines strategies for transitioning to formal public bus transit (BT) systems through analysis of peer-reviewed literature. The analysis is organized around five core domains that directly reflect the structure of this study: assessment of the current state of PT systems, strategies for transitioning from informal to formal networks, selection of appropriate PT modes for mid-sized cities, planning processes for BT systems, and sustainable and resilient approaches for BT development. Based on these findings, this study proposes a structured decision-support framework in the form of a decision tree to guide context-sensitive formalization efforts. Future studies should prioritize long-term impact evaluation, inclusive transition mechanisms for informal operators, and the integration of smart and sustainable technologies.
|
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-68079a2e7aa14837ac35b3a0458aec96 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2410-9355 2307-549X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Koya University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
| spelling | doaj-art-68079a2e7aa14837ac35b3a0458aec962025-08-20T03:16:28ZengKoya UniversityARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University2410-93552307-549X2025-07-0113210.14500/aro.12185Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing CitiesHasan Shahab0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-1908Hemin Mohammed1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-5573Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Soran University, Main Campus, Soran, Kurdistan Region – F.R. IraqDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Trine University, One University Avenue, Indiana, Angola Mid-sized cities in developing cities face increasing demand to modernize their public transit (PT) systems to advance sustainability, equity, and resilience. Many of these cities remain dependent on informal transit modes such as minibuses, privately owned taxis, and shared vans which, despite their flexibility, often lead to operational inefficiencies, safety risks, and limited accessibility. This review examines strategies for transitioning to formal public bus transit (BT) systems through analysis of peer-reviewed literature. The analysis is organized around five core domains that directly reflect the structure of this study: assessment of the current state of PT systems, strategies for transitioning from informal to formal networks, selection of appropriate PT modes for mid-sized cities, planning processes for BT systems, and sustainable and resilient approaches for BT development. Based on these findings, this study proposes a structured decision-support framework in the form of a decision tree to guide context-sensitive formalization efforts. Future studies should prioritize long-term impact evaluation, inclusive transition mechanisms for informal operators, and the integration of smart and sustainable technologies. https://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/2185Informal modes of transitPublic transitResilient bus transitSustainable bus transitTransit planningUrban mobility |
| spellingShingle | Hasan Shahab Hemin Mohammed Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University Informal modes of transit Public transit Resilient bus transit Sustainable bus transit Transit planning Urban mobility |
| title | Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities |
| title_full | Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities |
| title_fullStr | Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities |
| title_short | Formalizing Public Transit in Mid-Sized Developing Cities |
| title_sort | formalizing public transit in mid sized developing cities |
| topic | Informal modes of transit Public transit Resilient bus transit Sustainable bus transit Transit planning Urban mobility |
| url | https://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/2185 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hasanshahab formalizingpublictransitinmidsizeddevelopingcities AT heminmohammed formalizingpublictransitinmidsizeddevelopingcities |