Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis

We present joint South Pole Telescope and XMM-Newton observations of eight massive galaxy clusters (0.8–2 × 10 ^15 M _⊙ ) spanning a redshift range of 0.16–0.35. Employing a novel Sunyaev–Zel’dovich + X-ray fitting technique, we effectively constrain the thermodynamic properties of these clusters ou...

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Main Authors: Arnab Sarkar, Michael McDonald, Lindsey Bleem, Mark Bautz, Bradford A. Benson, Priyanka Chakraborty, Catherine E. Grant, Christine Jones, Florian Kéruzoré, Eric D. Miller, Scott Randall, Charles Romero, Taweewat Somboonpanyakul, Yuanyuan Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc676
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author Arnab Sarkar
Michael McDonald
Lindsey Bleem
Mark Bautz
Bradford A. Benson
Priyanka Chakraborty
Catherine E. Grant
Christine Jones
Florian Kéruzoré
Eric D. Miller
Scott Randall
Charles Romero
Taweewat Somboonpanyakul
Yuanyuan Su
author_facet Arnab Sarkar
Michael McDonald
Lindsey Bleem
Mark Bautz
Bradford A. Benson
Priyanka Chakraborty
Catherine E. Grant
Christine Jones
Florian Kéruzoré
Eric D. Miller
Scott Randall
Charles Romero
Taweewat Somboonpanyakul
Yuanyuan Su
author_sort Arnab Sarkar
collection DOAJ
description We present joint South Pole Telescope and XMM-Newton observations of eight massive galaxy clusters (0.8–2 × 10 ^15 M _⊙ ) spanning a redshift range of 0.16–0.35. Employing a novel Sunyaev–Zel’dovich + X-ray fitting technique, we effectively constrain the thermodynamic properties of these clusters out to the virial radius. The resulting best-fit electron density, deprojected temperature, and deprojected pressure profiles are in good agreement with previous observations of massive clusters. For the majority of the cluster sample (five out of eight clusters), the entropy profiles exhibit a self-similar behavior near the virial radius. We further derive hydrostatic mass, gas mass, and gas fraction profiles for all clusters up to the virial radius. Comparing the enclosed gas fraction profiles with the universal gas fraction profile, we obtain nonthermal pressure fraction profiles for our cluster sample at  >0.5 R _500 , demonstrating a steeper increase between R _500 and R _200 that is consistent with the hydrodynamical simulations. Our analysis yields nonthermal pressure fraction ranges of 8%–28% (median: 15% ± 11%) at R _500 and 21%–35% (median: 27% ± 12%) at R _200 . Notably, weak-lensing mass measurements are available for only four clusters in our sample, and our recovered total cluster masses, after accounting for nonthermal pressure, are consistent with these measurements.
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spelling doaj-art-6803ab98e00d461483423f6b5f05a9672025-08-20T02:57:52ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052025-01-019842L6310.3847/2041-8213/adc676Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton AnalysisArnab Sarkar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-1337Michael McDonald1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-8349Lindsey Bleem2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-5079Mark Bautz3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-4482Bradford A. Benson4Priyanka Chakraborty5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-2518Catherine E. Grant6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-1373Christine Jones7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-4243Florian Kéruzoré8Eric D. Miller9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-2326Scott Randall10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-4337Charles Romero11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5725-0359Taweewat Somboonpanyakul12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-3631Yuanyuan Su13Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; arnabsar@mit.eduKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; arnabsar@mit.eduHigh-Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; arnabsar@mit.eduKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USACenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; arnabsar@mit.eduCenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USAArgonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439–4815, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; arnabsar@mit.eduCenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University , 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, ThailandUniversity of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USAWe present joint South Pole Telescope and XMM-Newton observations of eight massive galaxy clusters (0.8–2 × 10 ^15 M _⊙ ) spanning a redshift range of 0.16–0.35. Employing a novel Sunyaev–Zel’dovich + X-ray fitting technique, we effectively constrain the thermodynamic properties of these clusters out to the virial radius. The resulting best-fit electron density, deprojected temperature, and deprojected pressure profiles are in good agreement with previous observations of massive clusters. For the majority of the cluster sample (five out of eight clusters), the entropy profiles exhibit a self-similar behavior near the virial radius. We further derive hydrostatic mass, gas mass, and gas fraction profiles for all clusters up to the virial radius. Comparing the enclosed gas fraction profiles with the universal gas fraction profile, we obtain nonthermal pressure fraction profiles for our cluster sample at  >0.5 R _500 , demonstrating a steeper increase between R _500 and R _200 that is consistent with the hydrodynamical simulations. Our analysis yields nonthermal pressure fraction ranges of 8%–28% (median: 15% ± 11%) at R _500 and 21%–35% (median: 27% ± 12%) at R _200 . Notably, weak-lensing mass measurements are available for only four clusters in our sample, and our recovered total cluster masses, after accounting for nonthermal pressure, are consistent with these measurements.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc676Galaxy clusters
spellingShingle Arnab Sarkar
Michael McDonald
Lindsey Bleem
Mark Bautz
Bradford A. Benson
Priyanka Chakraborty
Catherine E. Grant
Christine Jones
Florian Kéruzoré
Eric D. Miller
Scott Randall
Charles Romero
Taweewat Somboonpanyakul
Yuanyuan Su
Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Galaxy clusters
title Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
title_full Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
title_fullStr Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
title_short Constraints on Nonthermal Pressure at Galaxy Cluster Outskirts from a Joint SPT and XMM-Newton Analysis
title_sort constraints on nonthermal pressure at galaxy cluster outskirts from a joint spt and xmm newton analysis
topic Galaxy clusters
url https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc676
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