Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat

Roots play a critical role in acquisition and utilization of nitrogen in wheat, influencing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and ultimately determining yield. However, the detailed responses of root tips to fluctuations in nitrogen availability and the underlying regulatory mechanisms enabling adaptat...

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Main Authors: Chuangbei Hai, Yan Li, Chaojun Peng, Lin Hu, Weigang Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-08-01
Series:Crop Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001400
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author Chuangbei Hai
Yan Li
Chaojun Peng
Lin Hu
Weigang Xu
author_facet Chuangbei Hai
Yan Li
Chaojun Peng
Lin Hu
Weigang Xu
author_sort Chuangbei Hai
collection DOAJ
description Roots play a critical role in acquisition and utilization of nitrogen in wheat, influencing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and ultimately determining yield. However, the detailed responses of root tips to fluctuations in nitrogen availability and the underlying regulatory mechanisms enabling adaptation to nitrogen-limited conditions, remain elusive. In this study, we used single-cell nuclear transcriptomics of the high-nitrogen utilization variety (HNV) Zhengmai 1860 (ZM1860) to construct a comprehensive map of root tip cells under both controlled and nitrogen starvation (N-starv) conditions. Identification of various cell types and their associated genes highlighted the diversity of cellular processes. Using single-nucleus consensus weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), we identified key modules central to nitrogen metabolism. These identified the prominent role of epidermal cells (EC). The gene TaGS1.2, which is involved in glutamine synthesis, exhibited increased expression under nitrogen-deficient conditions, validating its functional significance in nutrient acquisition. Serving as a key functional gene that adapts to nitrogen-deficient conditions this gene also positively regulated root development. Analysis of the transcriptional regulatory network in EC further revealed the pivotal role of TaGS1.2 in the nitrogen metabolism network. We also uncovered mechanisms that enhance cell-to-cell communication in nitrogen-deficient environments by identifying specific receptors. Single-cell nuclear transcriptome mapping offers valuable insights into the complex responses of root tip cells to nitrogen scarcity and guides future breeding strategies aimed at developing more nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2214-5141
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
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spelling doaj-art-67f3361c740a43b9b5bf6ce99395ac332025-08-22T04:56:32ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Crop Journal2214-51412025-08-011341156116710.1016/j.cj.2025.05.010Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheatChuangbei Hai0Yan Li1Chaojun Peng2Lin Hu3Weigang Xu4College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, ChinaInstitute of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, ChinaInstitute of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, ChinaInstitute of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Genetic Improvement, Shennong Laboratory, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Corresponding author.Roots play a critical role in acquisition and utilization of nitrogen in wheat, influencing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and ultimately determining yield. However, the detailed responses of root tips to fluctuations in nitrogen availability and the underlying regulatory mechanisms enabling adaptation to nitrogen-limited conditions, remain elusive. In this study, we used single-cell nuclear transcriptomics of the high-nitrogen utilization variety (HNV) Zhengmai 1860 (ZM1860) to construct a comprehensive map of root tip cells under both controlled and nitrogen starvation (N-starv) conditions. Identification of various cell types and their associated genes highlighted the diversity of cellular processes. Using single-nucleus consensus weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), we identified key modules central to nitrogen metabolism. These identified the prominent role of epidermal cells (EC). The gene TaGS1.2, which is involved in glutamine synthesis, exhibited increased expression under nitrogen-deficient conditions, validating its functional significance in nutrient acquisition. Serving as a key functional gene that adapts to nitrogen-deficient conditions this gene also positively regulated root development. Analysis of the transcriptional regulatory network in EC further revealed the pivotal role of TaGS1.2 in the nitrogen metabolism network. We also uncovered mechanisms that enhance cell-to-cell communication in nitrogen-deficient environments by identifying specific receptors. Single-cell nuclear transcriptome mapping offers valuable insights into the complex responses of root tip cells to nitrogen scarcity and guides future breeding strategies aimed at developing more nitrogen-efficient wheat varieties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001400Single-nucleus RNA-seqRoot functionNitrogen scarcityEpidermal cell
spellingShingle Chuangbei Hai
Yan Li
Chaojun Peng
Lin Hu
Weigang Xu
Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
Crop Journal
Single-nucleus RNA-seq
Root function
Nitrogen scarcity
Epidermal cell
title Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
title_full Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
title_fullStr Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
title_full_unstemmed Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
title_short Single-cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
title_sort single cell nuclear transcriptomics reveal root tip adaptations to nitrogen scarcity in wheat
topic Single-nucleus RNA-seq
Root function
Nitrogen scarcity
Epidermal cell
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514125001400
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AT chaojunpeng singlecellnucleartranscriptomicsrevealroottipadaptationstonitrogenscarcityinwheat
AT linhu singlecellnucleartranscriptomicsrevealroottipadaptationstonitrogenscarcityinwheat
AT weigangxu singlecellnucleartranscriptomicsrevealroottipadaptationstonitrogenscarcityinwheat