Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis that can present with cardiac, joint, skin, and neurological symptoms. Cardiac manifestations most often involve valvular dysfunction, but can also include myocarditis or pericarditis. Although advances in healthcare have red...

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Main Authors: Amanda Nguyen MD, Garrett Cohen MD, Matthew Lam MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096251362985
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author Amanda Nguyen MD
Garrett Cohen MD
Matthew Lam MD
author_facet Amanda Nguyen MD
Garrett Cohen MD
Matthew Lam MD
author_sort Amanda Nguyen MD
collection DOAJ
description Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis that can present with cardiac, joint, skin, and neurological symptoms. Cardiac manifestations most often involve valvular dysfunction, but can also include myocarditis or pericarditis. Although advances in healthcare have reduced the prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis, and subsequently ARF, individual cases and outbreaks can still occur. We present a case of rheumatic myopericarditis in a 60-year-old White male who initially presented to the emergency department with sore throat for 6 days. Initial workup was largely unremarkable, and no microbiological testing was performed at that time. He was diagnosed with presumed viral pharyngitis and discharged home with supportive care. He returned 1 week later with pleuritic mid-sternal chest pain and dyspnea. Laboratory tests were significant for elevated inflammatory markers, cardiac enzyme markers, anti-streptolysin O titers, and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteremia. Further evaluation revealed pericarditis, moderate pericardial effusion without tamponade, and reduced systolic function without valvular disease. The patient was diagnosed with rheumatic myopericarditis. Management included pericardial drainage, guideline-directed medical therapy for systolic heart failure and pericarditis, and primary treatment and secondary prevention of ARF with antibiotics. Currently, the patient’s cardiac function has recovered, and he regularly follows up with his medical care team. Although less common in present times, clinicians are encouraged to consider streptococcal pharyngitis and ARF on the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with pharyngeal symptoms and subsequent cardiac manifestations, with or without valvular dysfunction. Primary and secondary prevention of ARF is paramount to maintaining the low incidence of this disease.
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spelling doaj-art-67cc7fe4370b4e22830a6cba9bbba7462025-08-20T03:16:15ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports2324-70962025-07-011310.1177/23247096251362985Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case ReportAmanda Nguyen MD0Garrett Cohen MD1Matthew Lam MD2Department of Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USADivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USADivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sacramento Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA, USAAcute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis that can present with cardiac, joint, skin, and neurological symptoms. Cardiac manifestations most often involve valvular dysfunction, but can also include myocarditis or pericarditis. Although advances in healthcare have reduced the prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis, and subsequently ARF, individual cases and outbreaks can still occur. We present a case of rheumatic myopericarditis in a 60-year-old White male who initially presented to the emergency department with sore throat for 6 days. Initial workup was largely unremarkable, and no microbiological testing was performed at that time. He was diagnosed with presumed viral pharyngitis and discharged home with supportive care. He returned 1 week later with pleuritic mid-sternal chest pain and dyspnea. Laboratory tests were significant for elevated inflammatory markers, cardiac enzyme markers, anti-streptolysin O titers, and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteremia. Further evaluation revealed pericarditis, moderate pericardial effusion without tamponade, and reduced systolic function without valvular disease. The patient was diagnosed with rheumatic myopericarditis. Management included pericardial drainage, guideline-directed medical therapy for systolic heart failure and pericarditis, and primary treatment and secondary prevention of ARF with antibiotics. Currently, the patient’s cardiac function has recovered, and he regularly follows up with his medical care team. Although less common in present times, clinicians are encouraged to consider streptococcal pharyngitis and ARF on the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with pharyngeal symptoms and subsequent cardiac manifestations, with or without valvular dysfunction. Primary and secondary prevention of ARF is paramount to maintaining the low incidence of this disease.https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096251362985
spellingShingle Amanda Nguyen MD
Garrett Cohen MD
Matthew Lam MD
Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
title Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
title_full Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
title_fullStr Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
title_short Streptococcal Pharyngitis Complicated by Clinically Significant Rheumatic Myopericarditis: A Case Report
title_sort streptococcal pharyngitis complicated by clinically significant rheumatic myopericarditis a case report
url https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096251362985
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