miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are known to regulate gene expression in their target locations thereby contributing to epigenetic mechanisms associated with disease pathologies. Dysregulation of miRNA activity has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (A...

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Main Authors: Kumudu Subasinghe, Robert Barber, Nicole Phillips
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Aging
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1582812/full
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author Kumudu Subasinghe
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Nicole Phillips
Nicole Phillips
author_facet Kumudu Subasinghe
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Nicole Phillips
Nicole Phillips
author_sort Kumudu Subasinghe
collection DOAJ
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are known to regulate gene expression in their target locations thereby contributing to epigenetic mechanisms associated with disease pathologies. Dysregulation of miRNA activity has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), offering insights into potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its associated effects (such as oxidative stress) can be seen in early-onset AD. This review critically examines recent findings on mitochondrial-associated miRNAs—including miR-34a, miR-140, miR-455-3p, and miR-1273g-3p—highlighting their roles in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and synaptic function. We discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting specific miRNAs to restore mitochondrial health and explore their utility as early biomarkers for AD diagnosis. A better understanding of miRNA-mediated mitochondrial regulation may open new avenues for early intervention in AD.
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spelling doaj-art-67c851d8dd7a4ac18fef3b223a68a59f2025-08-20T02:15:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging2673-62172025-05-01610.3389/fragi.2025.15828121582812miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s diseaseKumudu Subasinghe0Robert Barber1Robert Barber2Robert Barber3Nicole Phillips4Nicole Phillips5Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesDepartment of Family Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesInstitute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United StatesMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are known to regulate gene expression in their target locations thereby contributing to epigenetic mechanisms associated with disease pathologies. Dysregulation of miRNA activity has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), offering insights into potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its associated effects (such as oxidative stress) can be seen in early-onset AD. This review critically examines recent findings on mitochondrial-associated miRNAs—including miR-34a, miR-140, miR-455-3p, and miR-1273g-3p—highlighting their roles in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and synaptic function. We discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting specific miRNAs to restore mitochondrial health and explore their utility as early biomarkers for AD diagnosis. A better understanding of miRNA-mediated mitochondrial regulation may open new avenues for early intervention in AD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1582812/fullAlzheimer’s disease (AD)mitochondrial functionmicroRNAs (miRNAs)neurodegenerationgene regulation
spellingShingle Kumudu Subasinghe
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Robert Barber
Nicole Phillips
Nicole Phillips
miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Frontiers in Aging
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
mitochondrial function
microRNAs (miRNAs)
neurodegeneration
gene regulation
title miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
title_full miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
title_fullStr miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
title_full_unstemmed miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
title_short miRNA mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with Alzheimer’s disease
title_sort mirna mediated mitochondrial function and gene regulation associated with alzheimer s disease
topic Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
mitochondrial function
microRNAs (miRNAs)
neurodegeneration
gene regulation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2025.1582812/full
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