Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes
Abstract Background Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are highly polymorphic and form extensive families that recognize a wide range of vertebrate odorants. To explore the genetic diversity of MHC-linked OR genes and their connection to MHC genes, we conducted a combined haplotype analysis of MHC-linked...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11281-x |
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| author | Mingue Kang Byeongyong Ahn Jae Yeol Shin Hye-Sun Cho Jongan Lee Chankyu Park |
| author_facet | Mingue Kang Byeongyong Ahn Jae Yeol Shin Hye-Sun Cho Jongan Lee Chankyu Park |
| author_sort | Mingue Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are highly polymorphic and form extensive families that recognize a wide range of vertebrate odorants. To explore the genetic diversity of MHC-linked OR genes and their connection to MHC genes, we conducted a combined haplotype analysis of MHC-linked OR and MHC class I genes to determine the influence of MHC on OR diversity, which could be associated with MHC-based mate selection. Results We selected nine MHC-linked OR genes based on their expression levels in pig testes and developed a sequence-based typing method for these genes. We then performed high-resolution typing of these OR genes, along with three major classical MHC class I genes (SLA-1, -2, and − 3), in 48 pigs across six breeds. We observed significantly higher allelic diversity (P < 0.01) in ORs with strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) to SLA compared to those with weak or no LD, and we identified 48 SLA class I-OR haplotypes using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The genetic diversity of SLA-linked ORs was positively correlated with their expression levels in the testis. Specifically, SLA-linked ORs with higher testicular expression (FPKM ≥ 0.1) exhibited an increase in the number of codons under mutually diversifying selection with SLA compared to those with lower expression (FPKM < 0.1). Conclusions The presence of evolutionary interactions between MHC and linked OR genes supports the potential involvement of MHC-linked ORs in MHC-based mate selection. The use of combined haplotype information for MHC and linked ORs could provide new insights into the reproductive biology of animals. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-67c6c9dc81d34c0aaf1f0e347dbe0c542025-02-09T12:13:58ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-02-0126111510.1186/s12864-025-11281-xInfluence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genesMingue Kang0Byeongyong Ahn1Jae Yeol Shin2Hye-Sun Cho3Jongan Lee4Chankyu Park5Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk UniversityDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk UniversityDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk UniversityDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk UniversityAnimal Genome & Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development AdministrationDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk UniversityAbstract Background Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are highly polymorphic and form extensive families that recognize a wide range of vertebrate odorants. To explore the genetic diversity of MHC-linked OR genes and their connection to MHC genes, we conducted a combined haplotype analysis of MHC-linked OR and MHC class I genes to determine the influence of MHC on OR diversity, which could be associated with MHC-based mate selection. Results We selected nine MHC-linked OR genes based on their expression levels in pig testes and developed a sequence-based typing method for these genes. We then performed high-resolution typing of these OR genes, along with three major classical MHC class I genes (SLA-1, -2, and − 3), in 48 pigs across six breeds. We observed significantly higher allelic diversity (P < 0.01) in ORs with strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) to SLA compared to those with weak or no LD, and we identified 48 SLA class I-OR haplotypes using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The genetic diversity of SLA-linked ORs was positively correlated with their expression levels in the testis. Specifically, SLA-linked ORs with higher testicular expression (FPKM ≥ 0.1) exhibited an increase in the number of codons under mutually diversifying selection with SLA compared to those with lower expression (FPKM < 0.1). Conclusions The presence of evolutionary interactions between MHC and linked OR genes supports the potential involvement of MHC-linked ORs in MHC-based mate selection. The use of combined haplotype information for MHC and linked ORs could provide new insights into the reproductive biology of animals.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11281-xOlfactory receptorsMHCSLAPigsAnd mate selection |
| spellingShingle | Mingue Kang Byeongyong Ahn Jae Yeol Shin Hye-Sun Cho Jongan Lee Chankyu Park Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes BMC Genomics Olfactory receptors MHC SLA Pigs And mate selection |
| title | Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| title_full | Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| title_fullStr | Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| title_short | Influence of MHC on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| title_sort | influence of mhc on genetic diversity and testicular expression of linked olfactory receptor genes |
| topic | Olfactory receptors MHC SLA Pigs And mate selection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11281-x |
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