Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer

Water scarcity is one of the major critical affecting arid climate countries. In addition, population growth and climate change are threatening the sustainable development of water resources in the upcoming decades. Therefore, managing groundwater can solve water scarcity such that sustainable devel...

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Main Authors: Karim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman, Doaa Amin, Hesham Mohamed Bekhit, Mohamed Gad El- Rab Hafiz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Water Science
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23570008.2024.2357340
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author Karim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman
Doaa Amin
Hesham Mohamed Bekhit
Mohamed Gad El- Rab Hafiz
author_facet Karim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman
Doaa Amin
Hesham Mohamed Bekhit
Mohamed Gad El- Rab Hafiz
author_sort Karim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman
collection DOAJ
description Water scarcity is one of the major critical affecting arid climate countries. In addition, population growth and climate change are threatening the sustainable development of water resources in the upcoming decades. Therefore, managing groundwater can solve water scarcity such that sustainable development is ensured for future generations. Hence, it is crucial to assess the current quantity of groundwater by analyzing groundwater variables. Thus, natural groundwater recharge could be utilized as an indicator to assess groundwater quantity conditions. This study aims to estimate natural groundwater recharge in an arid unconfined aquifer. El-Qaa plain in Sinai, Egypt was chosen as a case study. Recharge was estimated taking into consideration spatial and temporal variability. To accomplish this, the WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere under quasi-Steady State) model was applied. The model was run using morphological, landuse – land cover and climate data from 1986 to 2015 with a monthly time step. To calibrate the model, the isotope signature of δ18O and δ2 H of water was analyzed to determine the natural groundwater recharge of the aquifer. The obtained recharge value was utilized as a reference value for the calibration process. The results were validated using a finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW). The recharge values were imported to MODFLOW followed via a transient run from 2000 to 2011. The validation was conducted by comparing the simulated groundwater level with the observed ones. After validation process, the inter-annual and seasonal variability of recharge were determined, and a relationship between recharge and other hydrological parameters was deduced. In addition, the recharge distribution was mapped to depict the recharge spatial variability. The results show that the current recharge rate ranges from approximately 8.10 to 16.62 mm/yr, with a mean annual recharge rate of nearly 12.36 mm/yr. The study might be useful for hydrogeologists for determining potential recharge in the study area, groundwater modelers for developing a reliable groundwater flow model, and decision-makers for planning appropriate future sustainable development through water resources management.
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spelling doaj-art-67c5c5f905b249d9a0952d2ec103b2332025-08-20T02:38:07ZengTaylor & Francis GroupWater Science2357-00082024-12-0138135937710.1080/23570008.2024.2357340Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquiferKarim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman0Doaa Amin1Hesham Mohamed Bekhit2Mohamed Gad El- Rab Hafiz3Water Resources Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Shubra ElKheima, EgyptWater Resources Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Shubra ElKheima, EgyptIrrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptIrrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptWater scarcity is one of the major critical affecting arid climate countries. In addition, population growth and climate change are threatening the sustainable development of water resources in the upcoming decades. Therefore, managing groundwater can solve water scarcity such that sustainable development is ensured for future generations. Hence, it is crucial to assess the current quantity of groundwater by analyzing groundwater variables. Thus, natural groundwater recharge could be utilized as an indicator to assess groundwater quantity conditions. This study aims to estimate natural groundwater recharge in an arid unconfined aquifer. El-Qaa plain in Sinai, Egypt was chosen as a case study. Recharge was estimated taking into consideration spatial and temporal variability. To accomplish this, the WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere under quasi-Steady State) model was applied. The model was run using morphological, landuse – land cover and climate data from 1986 to 2015 with a monthly time step. To calibrate the model, the isotope signature of δ18O and δ2 H of water was analyzed to determine the natural groundwater recharge of the aquifer. The obtained recharge value was utilized as a reference value for the calibration process. The results were validated using a finite-difference groundwater flow model (MODFLOW). The recharge values were imported to MODFLOW followed via a transient run from 2000 to 2011. The validation was conducted by comparing the simulated groundwater level with the observed ones. After validation process, the inter-annual and seasonal variability of recharge were determined, and a relationship between recharge and other hydrological parameters was deduced. In addition, the recharge distribution was mapped to depict the recharge spatial variability. The results show that the current recharge rate ranges from approximately 8.10 to 16.62 mm/yr, with a mean annual recharge rate of nearly 12.36 mm/yr. The study might be useful for hydrogeologists for determining potential recharge in the study area, groundwater modelers for developing a reliable groundwater flow model, and decision-makers for planning appropriate future sustainable development through water resources management.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23570008.2024.2357340Groundwater rechargearid unconfined aquifersustainable development in egyptWetSpassModFLOW
spellingShingle Karim Mohamed Ahmed Soliman
Doaa Amin
Hesham Mohamed Bekhit
Mohamed Gad El- Rab Hafiz
Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
Water Science
Groundwater recharge
arid unconfined aquifer
sustainable development in egypt
WetSpass
ModFLOW
title Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
title_full Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
title_fullStr Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
title_full_unstemmed Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
title_short Estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
title_sort estimating natural groundwater recharge taking into consideration temporal and spatial variability for arid unconfined aquifer
topic Groundwater recharge
arid unconfined aquifer
sustainable development in egypt
WetSpass
ModFLOW
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23570008.2024.2357340
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