Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study

Abstract Background The ongoing conflicts and natural disasters in Ethiopia have led to a significant increase in the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), necessitating effective healthcare delivery in IDP camps. This study aims to assess the availability of essential medicines and invento...

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Main Authors: Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu, Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins, Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel, Gebremariam Wulie Geremew, Yilkal Abebaw Wassie, Mekonnen Derese Mekete, Tefera Minwagaw, Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe, Kelemnesh Seifu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Conflict and Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-025-00697-7
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author Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu
Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins
Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel
Gebremariam Wulie Geremew
Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
Mekonnen Derese Mekete
Tefera Minwagaw
Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe
Kelemnesh Seifu
author_facet Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu
Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins
Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel
Gebremariam Wulie Geremew
Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
Mekonnen Derese Mekete
Tefera Minwagaw
Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe
Kelemnesh Seifu
author_sort Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The ongoing conflicts and natural disasters in Ethiopia have led to a significant increase in the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), necessitating effective healthcare delivery in IDP camps. This study aims to assess the availability of essential medicines and inventory management practices and to identify common challenges within these camps in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed method was employed, from August to October 2023, in 5 IDP camps in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Structured and semi-structure questionnaires were utilized. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interview, document review, and observation. Quantitative data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS window version 26, and descriptive statistics were computed and summarized results were presented by using text, tables and graphs, while thematic analysis using open code software was employed for qualitative data analysis. Results The average availability of essential medicines in IDP camps was 77.3%. Inventory control cards were available in nearly half of the OPDs clinics in IDP camps. However, the overall updating practice on transaction was 0%. None of the IDP camps met the criteria for acceptable storage conditions. Only 18.2% of OPD clinics are adhered to FEFO inventory control procedure. Common challenges affecting the availability of essential medicines and inventory management practices in IDP include poor inventory management practices, national stock outs, irrational drug use, fraud and theft, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, uncertainty, reliance on push delivery systems, lack of inter-agency collaboration, and limited resources. Conclusion The study found that while the average availability of essential medicines in IDP camps was fairly- high, stockouts were common, and none of the camps met the established criteria for acceptable storage conditions. Inventory management practices were weak, with poor adherence to protocols such as bin card updating, stock level reviews, and the FEFO system. The current study suggest that significant efforts are being made to supply IDP camps with essential medicines, despite the challenges posed by poor inventory management, national-level stock shortages, irrational drug use, fraud and theft, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, uncertainty, reliance on push delivery systems, lack of inter-agency collaboration, and limited resources.
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spelling doaj-art-67b28097c6b64f2e92f7ca169880b2f92025-08-20T03:05:29ZengBMCConflict and Health1752-15052025-08-0119111510.1186/s13031-025-00697-7Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed studyTekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu0Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins1Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel2Gebremariam Wulie Geremew3Yilkal Abebaw Wassie4Mekonnen Derese Mekete5Tefera Minwagaw6Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe7Kelemnesh Seifu8Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of GondarDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of GondarDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Pharmacy,, Debremarkos UniversityDepartment of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health, Bahirdar UniversityDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Collage of Health Sciences,, Salale UniversityLogistic and Supply Chain Managemen, University of GondarAbstract Background The ongoing conflicts and natural disasters in Ethiopia have led to a significant increase in the number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), necessitating effective healthcare delivery in IDP camps. This study aims to assess the availability of essential medicines and inventory management practices and to identify common challenges within these camps in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed method was employed, from August to October 2023, in 5 IDP camps in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Structured and semi-structure questionnaires were utilized. Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interview, document review, and observation. Quantitative data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS window version 26, and descriptive statistics were computed and summarized results were presented by using text, tables and graphs, while thematic analysis using open code software was employed for qualitative data analysis. Results The average availability of essential medicines in IDP camps was 77.3%. Inventory control cards were available in nearly half of the OPDs clinics in IDP camps. However, the overall updating practice on transaction was 0%. None of the IDP camps met the criteria for acceptable storage conditions. Only 18.2% of OPD clinics are adhered to FEFO inventory control procedure. Common challenges affecting the availability of essential medicines and inventory management practices in IDP include poor inventory management practices, national stock outs, irrational drug use, fraud and theft, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, uncertainty, reliance on push delivery systems, lack of inter-agency collaboration, and limited resources. Conclusion The study found that while the average availability of essential medicines in IDP camps was fairly- high, stockouts were common, and none of the camps met the established criteria for acceptable storage conditions. Inventory management practices were weak, with poor adherence to protocols such as bin card updating, stock level reviews, and the FEFO system. The current study suggest that significant efforts are being made to supply IDP camps with essential medicines, despite the challenges posed by poor inventory management, national-level stock shortages, irrational drug use, fraud and theft, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, uncertainty, reliance on push delivery systems, lack of inter-agency collaboration, and limited resources.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-025-00697-7Essential medicinesInventory management practicesIDP campsEthiopia
spellingShingle Tekletsadik Tekleslassie Alemayehu
Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins
Eskedar Dires Gebremeskel
Gebremariam Wulie Geremew
Yilkal Abebaw Wassie
Mekonnen Derese Mekete
Tefera Minwagaw
Tesfaye Birhanu Abebe
Kelemnesh Seifu
Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
Conflict and Health
Essential medicines
Inventory management practices
IDP camps
Ethiopia
title Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
title_full Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
title_fullStr Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
title_full_unstemmed Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
title_short Availability of essential medicines, inventory management practices, and related challenges in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: an explanatory sequential mixed study
title_sort availability of essential medicines inventory management practices and related challenges in internally displaced persons idp camps eastern amhara ethiopia an explanatory sequential mixed study
topic Essential medicines
Inventory management practices
IDP camps
Ethiopia
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-025-00697-7
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